Læknablaðið - 15.09.2003, Side 27

FRÆÐIGREINAR / HRÖRNUNARSJÚKDÓMAR f HEILA
Heimildir
1. Prusiner SB. Shattuck lecture - Neurodegenerative diseases
and prions. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:1516-26.
2. Burns A, Byrne EJ, Maurer K. Alzheimer's disease. Lancet
2002; 360:163-5.
3. Bayer AJ. Molecular basis and genetic determinants of Alz-
heimer's disease. Rev Clin Gerontol 1999; 9:297-304.
4. Prospero N, Tagle D. Normal and mutant huntingtin: Partners
in crime? Nat Med 2000; 6:1208-9.
5. Cattaneo E, Rigamonti D, Zuccato C. The enigma of Hunting-
ton's disease. Sci Am 2002; 287: 92-7.
6. Snædal J, Kristinsson J, Gunnarsdóttir S, Ólafsdóttir Á, Bald-
vinsson M, Jóhannesson P. Copper, ceruloplasmin and super-
oxide dismutase in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Dement
Geriatr Cogn Disord 1998; 9: 239-42.
7. Sveinbjörnsdóttir S, Hicks AA, Jónsson Þ, Pétursson H, Guð-
mundsson G, Frigge ML, et al. Familial aggregation of Park-
inson’s disease in Iceland. N Engl J Med 2000; 343:1765-70.
8. Jóhannesson Þ. Alzheimer sjúkdómur: Meingerð og meðferð-
armöguleikar. Heilbrigðismál 1998; (3): 27-9.
9. Jóhannesson Þ. Lyfjafræði miðtaugakerfisins. Menntamála-
ráðuneytið/Háskóli Islands 1984. Kafli XI: 81-92.
10. Sigurðarson S. Epidemiology of scrapie in Iceland and ex-
perience with control measures. In: Sub-acute spongiform
encephalopathies. Proceedings seminar CEC agricultural re-
search programme. Eds: Bradely R, Saver M, Marchant B.
Kulwer Acad Publ 1991:233-42.
11. Jóhannesson Þ, Sigurðarson S. Sauðfjárriða - kopar, mangan
og oxavarnarensím í íslensku sauðfé. Freyr 2002; 98: 56-9.
12. Taylor JP, Hardy J, Fischbeck KH. Toxic proteins in neuro-
degenerative disease. Science 2002; 296:1991-5.
13. Miller RJ, Wilson SM. Neurological disease: UPS stops
delivering! Trends Pharmacol Sci 2003; 24:18-23.
14. Yang LB, Lindholm K, Yan R, Citron M, Xia W, Yang XL, et al.
Elevated p-secretase expression and enzymatic activity detec-
ted in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Nature Med 2003; 9:3-4.
15. Hardy J, Selkoe DJ. The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer’s
disease: Progress and problems on the road to therapeutics.
Science 2002;297: 353-6.
16. McKeith IG, Perry EK, Perry RH. Report of the second de-
mentia with Lewy body international workshop. Diagnosis
and treatment. Neurology 1999; 53: 902-5.
17. Brown DR. Copper and prion disease. Brain Res Bull 2001;
55:165-73.
18. Bucciantini M, Giannoni E, Chiti F, Baroni F, Formigli L,
Zurdo J, et al. Inherent toxicity of aggregates implies a
common mechanism for protein misfolding diseases. Nature
2002;416:507-11.
19. Walsh DM, Klyubin I, Fadeeva JV, Cullen WK, Anwyl R.
Wolfe MS, et al. Naturally secreted oligomers of amyloid p
protein potently inhibit hippocampal long-term potentiation
in vivo. Nature 2002; 416: 535-9.
20. Koppaka V, Axelsen PH. Accelerated accumulation of amyl-
oid (J proteins on oxidatively damaged lipid membranes. Bio-
chemistry 2000; 39:10011-6.
21. Borg DC. Oxygen free radicals and tissue injury. A reference
outline. In: Oxygen free radicals in tissue damage. Eds. Tarr
M, Sarason F. Birkháuser, Boston 1993: Kafli 2:12-53.
22. Markesbery WR, Carney JM. Oxidative alterations in Alz-
heimer's disease. Brain Pathol 1999; 9:133-46.
23. Cuzzocrea S, Riley DP, Caputi AP, Salvemini D. Antioxidant
therapy: A new pharmacoíogical approach in shock, inflam-
mation, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Pharmacol Rev 2001;
53:135-59.
24. Bush AI, Tanzi RE. The galvanization of p-amyloid in Alz-
heimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2002; 99: 7317-9.
25. Þórsdóttir G, Kristinsson J, Sveinbjörnsdóttir S, Snædal J,
Jóhannesson Þ. Copper, ceruloplasmin, superoxide dismutase
and iron parameters in Parkinson's disease. Pharmacol Toxi-
col 1999; 85:239-43.
26. Þórsdóttir G, Kristinsson J, Hreiðarsson S, Snædal J, Jóhann-
esson Þ. Copper, ceruloplasmin and superoxide dismutase
(SOD) in patients with Down’s syndrome. Pharmacol Toxicol
2001; 89: 320-5.
27. Barber EF, Cousins RJ. Interleukin-1 - Stimulated induction
of ceruloplasmin synthesis in normal and copper-deficient rats.
JNutr 1988; 118: 375-81.
28. Marcus DL, Thomas C, Rodriguez C, Simberkoff K, Tsai JS,
Strafaci JA, et al. Increased peroxidation and reduced antioxi-
dant enzyme activity in Alzheimer's disease. Exper Neurol
1998; 150:40-4.
29. Nagy Z. Mechanism of neuronal death in Down's syndrome. J
Neural Transm 1999; 57:233-45.
30. Przedborski S, Kostic V, Jackson-Lewis V, Naini AB, Simon-
etti S, Fahn S, et al. Transgenic mice with increased Cu/Zn-
superoxide dismutase activity are resistant to N-methyl-4-
phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity. J
Neuroscience 1992; 12:1658-67.
31. Coyle JT, Puttfarcken P. Oxidative stress, glutamate and
neurodegenerative disorders. Science 1993; 262: 689-95.
32. Hirsch EC, Hunot S. Nitric oxide, glial cells and neuronal
degeneration in parkinsonism. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2000; 21:
163-5.
33. Rowland LP, Shneider NA. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. N
Engl J Med 2001; 344:1688-1700.
34. Þórsdóttir G, Kristinsson J, Guðmundsson G, Snædal J, Jó-
hannesson Þ. Copper, ceruloplasmin and superoxide dismu-
tase in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Pharm Toxicol 2000; 87:
126-30.
35. Trottier G, Srivastave L, Walker C-D. Etiology of infantile
autism: a review of recent advances in genetic and neurobio-
logical research. J Psych Neuroscience 1999; 24:103-15.
36. Rodier PM. The early origins of autism. Sci Am 2000; 282: 38-
45.
37. Lauritsen MB, Mors O, Mortensen PB, Ewald H. Medical dis-
orders among inpatients with autism in Denmark according to
ICD-8: A nationwide register- based study. J Autism Deve-
lopm Disord 2002; 32:115-9.
38. Wong B-S, Brown DR, Pan T, Whiteman M, Liu T, Xiadong B,
et al. Oxidative impairment in scrapie-infected mice is associ-
ated with brain metals perturbations and altered antioxidant
activities. J Neurochem 2001; 79: 689-701.
39. Thackray AM, Knight R, Haswell SJ, Bujdoso R, Brown DR.
Metal imbalance and compromised antioxidant function are
early changes in prion disease. Biochem J 2002; 362:253-8.
40. Pattison IH, Jones KM. The astrocytic reaction in experi-
mental scrapie in the rat. Res Vet Sci 1967; 8:160-5.
41. Aschner M, Vrana KE, Zheng W. Manganese uptake and
distribution in the central nervous system. Neuro Toxicology
1999; 20:173-80.
42. Hensley K, Hall N, Subramaniam R, Cole P, Harris M, Akse-
nov M, et al. Brain regional correspondence between Alz-
heimer’s disease histopathology and biomarkers of protein
oxidation. J Neurochem 1995; 65: 2146-56.
43. Burbeva GS, Aksenova MV, Makarenko IG. Decreased level
of creatine kinase BB in the frontal cortex of Alzheimer
patients. Dementia 1992; 3: 91-4.
44. Cherny RA, Atwood CS, Xilinas ME, Gray DN, Jones WD,
McLean CA, et al. Treatment with a copper-zink chelator
markedly and rapidly inhibits b-amyloid accumulation in
Alzheimer s disease transgenic mice. Neuron 2001; 30: 665-76.
45. Sano M, Ernesto C, Thomas RG, Klauber MR, Schafer K,
Grundman M, et al. A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha toco-
pherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J
Med 1997; 336:1216-22.
46. Palmer AM. Pharmacotherapy for Alzheimer's disease: pro-
gress and prospects. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2002; 23:426-32.
47. Frankish H. Coenzyme Q10 could slow functional decline in
Parkinson’s disease. Lancet 2002; 360:1227.
48. Iversen L. Small drugs lead the attack. Nature 2002; 417:231-3.
49. De Strooper B, Woodgett. Mental plaque removal. Nature
2003; 423:392-3.
50. Lawrence DM. Promising developments in Alzheimer’s im-
munotherapy. Lancet 2002; 360:1227.
51. Haas C. New hope for Alzheimer's disease vaccine. Nature
Med 2002; 8:1195-6.
52. Check E. Battle of the mind. Nature 2003; 422: 370-2.
53. Pasinetti GM, Pompl PM. Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors and Alz-
heimer’s: are we well ADAPTed? Lancet Neurol 2002; 1:403-4.
54. Launer L. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and the
risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Drugs 2003; 63: 731-9.
Læknablaðið 2003/89 671