Jökull - 01.12.1961, Page 50

REFERENCES
Barth, T. F. W.: Volcanic Geology, Hot Springs
ancl Geysirs of Iceland. Carnegie Institution
of Washington Publ. 587 (1950).
Bodvarsson, G.: Geothermal Effects of the
Pleistocene Glaciation in Iceland, Jökull,
Vol. 7, (1957).
Bodvarsson, G.: Physical Characteristics of Natur-
al Heat Resources in Iceland. Conference
on New Sources of Energy, Rome (1961).
Published in Jökull, vol. 11. 1961.
Bodvarsson, G. ancl Zoega, J.: Production, Di-
stribution and Utilization of Natural Heat
in Iceland. Conference on New Sources of
Energy, Rome (1961). Jökull, vol. 11, 1961.
Einarsson, T.: Ueber das Wesen der Heissen
Quellen Islands. Societas Scientarium Is-
landica, Reykjavík (1942).
Krauskof, K. B.: Dissolution and Precipitation of
Silica at Low Temperatures. Geochim. et
Cosmochim. Acta Vol. 10, (1956).
Tryggvason, E. and Báth, M.: Upper Crustal
Structure of Iceland. (In press.). (1961).
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Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 10, (1956).
U. N. CONFERENCE ON NEW SOURCES OF ENERGY, ROME 1961:
Production and Distribution of Natural Heat
for Domestic and Industrial Heating in Iceland
BY
GUNNAR BODVARSSON and JOHANNES ZOÉGA
SUMMARY.
The present paper furnishes a brief review
of some engineering and economic aspecls of
the utilization of naiural heat for domestic and
industrial heating in Iceland. At present, the
total consumption of natural heat in the country
corresponds to a saving in import of fuel oil of
approximately 60,000 metric tons per year. The
corresponding figure expected for 1970 is 160,000
metric tons per year, that is, about 800 kg per
year ancl capita.
The present procluclion cost of natural heat
in three major thermal areas is ranging from
0.30 to 0.30 $/Gcal (one Gcal = 109 cal). The
heat is in some areas available as high-tempera-
ture water or low-pressure steam. Water at tem-
perature of 130° C to 200° C is to be preferred
as the medium for heat transport over more than
a few kilometrers.
The total cost of heat delivered by present
systems amounts to approximately 4.00 $/Gcal.
Various engineering cletails of the systems are
discussed.
Finally, a brief review is given of the present
plans to supply the Reykjavík area with natural
heat from the Krysuvik thermal area which is
located some 30 km south of the city of Reykja-
vík. This plan involves the building of a major
supply system delivering approximately 300
Tcal/year of heat (one Tcal=1012 cal). About
% of the heat delivered is intencled for industrial
heating.
I. INTRODUCTION.
The utilization of natural heat was initiated
in Iceland around 1925. The initial step con-
sisted in the heating of a few houses and green-
houses by means of natural hot water. A relative-
ly rapicl development followed. As of now about
45,000 people in Iceland live in houses heated
by natural heat. Moreover a large number of
green-houses ancl swimming-pools are being
provided with natural heat. Plans are now being
workecl out for a consiclerable extension of the
present systems.
This paper is written for the purpose of giv-
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