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Jökull - 01.01.2004, Qupperneq 10

Jökull - 01.01.2004, Qupperneq 10
Hafdís Hanna Ægisdóttir and Þóra Ellen Þórhallsdóttir Figure 2. Distribution of Campanula uniflora in Iceland. Figure/Mynd: Kristinsson, 2003. – Útbreiðsla fjalla- bláklukku (Campanula uniflora) á Íslandi. incompatable genus, as consistent with the theory of glacial survival. Tabula Rasa or Glacial Survival? Where should one look for glacial relicts? A high arc- tic species with disjunct and isolated populations that are restricted to high mountain habitats is a likely sur- vival candidate. High arctic species are most likely better adapted to in situ survival than species of low- arctic or boreal origin. In terms of environment, high coastal mountains situated close to deep ocean waters are more likely to have been ice-free (Dahl, 1946). Campanula uniflora is a mostly high arctic species with an amphi-Atlantic distribution (Brochmann and Steen, 1999) and can be found as far north as 80◦N in Greenland (Böcher et al., 1978) and Svalbard (data provided by Herb. Univers. Osloensis). In Iceland, C. uniflora is rare and its populations are restricted to a few isolated populations in the coastal moun- tains of the north and northwest (Figure 2) (Kristins- son, 1986), which probably were ice-free during the last glacial period (about 115,000 yrs ago until 10,000 yrs ago) (e.g. Hjort et al., 1985; Einarsson, 1991 and Norðdahl, 1991) (Figure 1). Accordingly, C. uni- flora is one of the most likely glacial survival candi- dates in the Icelandic flora (Steindórsson, 1963). A study on the genetic diversity of Campanula uniflora in Iceland has recently been completed (Ægisdóttir, 2003). Results from an isozyme study on five dif- ferent populations in Iceland show no molecular evi- dence for glacial survival as there was no genetic di- versity between geographically isolated populations (Ægisdóttir, 2003). 10 JÖKULL No. 54
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