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Jökull - 01.01.2004, Qupperneq 56

Jökull - 01.01.2004, Qupperneq 56
Jessica Black et al. greina fimm megin seteiningar sem hægt er að rekja um alla setfyllu vatnsins. Reiknaðar voru út þykktir einstakra endurvarpseininga til að kortleggja dreifingu sets í Hvítárvatnsdældinni á mismunandi tímum nú- tímans (síðustu u.þ.b. 10 þús ár). Niðurstöður sýna að umtalsverðar breytingar hafa orðið í tímans rás á upp- runa þess sets sem sest hefur til í vatninu sem bendir til mikilla breytinga á stærð og umfangi Langjökuls eða forvera hans. Heildarmassi sets í vatninu er metinn á bilinu 35x1013 g og 121x1013 g. Svifaursmagn sem tapast frá vatninu í dag á ári er að meðaltali 5x1010 g. Út frá þessum tölum hefur meðalrof á nútíma á vatnasviðinu verið á bilinu 2 and 5 cm ka−1, þó reikna megi með mun hærri rofhraða undir Langjökli og mun minni rofhraða á þeim hluta vatnasviðsins sem liggur utan áhrifa jökuls. Endurvarpsmælingarnar gefa upplýsingar um breytta setmyndunarhætti í Hvítárvatni allt frá síðjök- ultíma. Hluti setfyllunnar varð fyrir röskun þegar tveir skriðjöklar Langjökuls, Norðurjökull og Suðurjökull, gengu út í vatnið á Litlu ísöldinni. Hins vegar héldust stór svæði utan jökulgarða Litlu ísaldarinnar óhreyfðir þar sem unnt var að ná í setkjarna sem hafa að geyma samfelld gögn frá nútíma. REFERENCES Andrews, J. T. 2004. Sediment and mass accumulation rates on the Iceland margin over the last 12,000 calen- dar years. 34th Annual International Arctic Workshop 2004, Boulder, CO. Björnsson, H. 1979. Glaciers in Iceland. Jökull 29, 74–80. Boulton, G. S., P. W. V. Harris and J. Jarvis 1982. Stratig- raphy and structure of a coastal sediment wedge of glacial origin inferred from sparker measurements in glacial lake Jökulsárlón in southeastern Iceland. Jökull 32, 37–47. Bradley, R. S. (1999). Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary. Academic Press, San Diego. DMA 1989. Hvítárnes, Ísland 1:50,000, Series C761, Sheet 1814 III. Francus, P., R. Bradley, M. Abbott, F. Keimig and W. Pa- tridge 2002. Paleoclimate studies of minerogenic sed- iments using annually resolved textural parameters. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29, 1998–2001. Gíslason, S. R., J. Ólafsson, Á. Snorrason, I. Gunnars- son and S. Zóphaníasson 1998. Chemical compo- sition, run-off and sediment transport in rivers in South-Iceland. II. Databank of the Science Institute- University of Iceland, Marine Institute and the Hy- drological Service-National Energy Authority (in Ice- landic). Gudjonsson, K. A. and J. R. Desloges 1995. Processes of Sediment Delivery and Deposition at Glacier-Fed La- garfljót, Iceland. International Glaciology Conference, Reykjavík, Iceland. Hall, A. 1996. Igneous Petrology, 2nd Edition. Longman Group Limited, England. Kaldal, I. and S. Víkingsson 1990. Early Holocene deglaciation in Central Iceland. Jökull 40, 50–66. Hardardóttir, J., A. Geirsdottir and A. E. Sveinbjörnsdótt- ir 2001. Seismostratigraphy and sediment studies of Lake Hestvatn, southern Iceland: implications for the deglacial history of the region. J. Quaternary Studies 16, 167–179. Nesje, A., K. Søgnen, A. Elgersma, and S. O. Dahl 1987. A piston corer for lake sediments. Norsk geogr. Tidsskr. 41, 123–125. Óskarsson, H., Ó. Arnalds, J. Gudmundsson and G. Gud- bergsson 2004. Organic carbon in Icelandic Andosols: geographical variation and impact of erosion. Catena 56, 225–238. Pálsson, S. and G. H. Vigfússon 1996. Gagnasafn aurburðarmælinga 1963–1995. Orkustofnun OS- 96032/VOD-05 B, 270 pp. (in Icelandic). Rist, S. 1975. Stöðuvötn. National Energy Authority, Reykjavík, Iceland. OS-vatn 7503/OS-ROD 7519 (in Icelandic). Tómasson, H. 1991. Glaciofluvial sediment transport and erosion. In: Gjessing et al. (eds): Arctic hydrology. Present and future tasks. Hydrology of Svalbard – Hy- drological problems in cold climate. Norwegian Na- tional Committee for Hydrology, Report 23, Oslo, 27– 36. Tómasson, H. 1993. Jökulstífluð vötn á Kili og ham- farahlaup í Hvítá í Árnessýslu. Náttúrufræðingurinn 62, 77–98 (in Icelandic). Vatnamælingar Orkustofnunar 2004. Gagnasafn aur- burðarmælinga á tölvutæku formi, afgreiðsla nr. 2004/09 (in Icelandic). Vatnamælingar Orkustofnunar 2003. Gagnabanki Vatna- mælinga, afgreiðsla nr. 2004/04 (in Icelandic) 56 JÖKULL No. 54
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