Íslenskt mál og almenn málfræði

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Íslenskt mál og almenn málfræði - 01.01.1982, Qupperneq 313

Íslenskt mál og almenn málfræði - 01.01.1982, Qupperneq 313
Ritdómar 311 could be accounted for in the same way, e. g. dagbók ‘diary’, dagskrá ‘programme’ daglegur ‘humdrum', dagstofa ‘living room’ etc." The phonological behaviour of such words goes hand in hand with thcir largcly unprcdicatable scmantics, which seems to mcan that they have to be entered in the lexicon. The morphological analysis of the lexicon and rules of word-formation might also explain why there are long vowels in the first syllables of notkun ‘usage’, litka ‘colour, v.’, and nytka ‘use, v.’ if we could justify # before the suffixes -kun, -ka (cf. nota ‘use, v.’, litur ‘colour, n.’, nyt ‘use, n.’).7 An alternative and probably more interesting possi- bility is the suggestion for which there is some evidence in other languages (Gussmann 1980:69-70) to the effect that some rules of word-formation take as their input phonetic representations of thcir bases. This seems also to be an attractive possibility for the interpretation of some Icelandic back formations which are troublesome for Árnason’s analysis (pp. 52-54). Devcrbal nouns such as pukr ‘secrecy’ sötr ‘act of sipping', kjökr ‘act of wailing’ have a long vowel in viólation of Árnason’s lcngth rule (since these words seem to be monosyllabic — the syllable thus ending in two consonants). Note that these forms present no problcm for the traditional account of vowel length or for the position which would back-derive them from the surface pukra, sötra, kjökra by truncation and the accompanying change of the grammatical paradigm (a morphol- ogical operation which is quite common, for example, in Polish). Árnason seems in fact to be suggesting something like this (pp. 52-54). Árnason’s analysis and my critical comments indicate that the rule of vowel length in Modern Icelandic is complex in a way which defies available frameworks. Future research will hopefully shed more light on this process and the process itself is bound to enrich our understanding of linguistic organisation. It is for this reason that I cannot accept Árnason’s pessimistic assessment of his own analysis when he says that „the account of morphophonemic and phonotactic regularites given above is not strictly valid as a synchronic description of any stage in the development of Icelandic, either as accounting for any sort of „psychological reality" or an exhaustive account of the lin- guistic begaviour of present-day speakers, but it is still valuable as accounting for certain facts about Icelandic" (p.56). 2. History of the length rule in Icelandic 2.1 In view of the serious doubts that Árnason’s analysis of the Modern Icelandic length rule is open to, one is bound to approach the diachronic section of his monograph with some scepticism. The facts of the great quantity shift (Haugen 1976:258) are well known to a student of Scandinavian and of Germanic at large: out of the relatively free distribution of vocalic and consonantal length in the old language — VC, V:C, b But for some reason dagheimili has a long vowel in dag-, perhaps because the following -h- somehow inhibits weakening of the # since it is normally only found word initially. It is not surprising from this point of view that some of these at least also occur with short vowels (but then sometimes with accompanying further processes like spiran- tisation of t to þ in notkun for instance — cf. fn. 5).
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Íslenskt mál og almenn málfræði

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