Íslenskt mál og almenn málfræði


Íslenskt mál og almenn málfræði - 01.01.2008, Page 93

Íslenskt mál og almenn málfræði - 01.01.2008, Page 93
Becoming Perfect: Observations on Icelandic vera búinn að 91 Smith, Carlota. 1991. The Parameter of Aspect. Kluwer, Dordrecht. Vendler, Zeno. 1967. Verbs and Times. In: Zeno Vendler: Linguistics in Philosophy, pp. 97-121. Comell University Press, Ithaca, NY. Vlach, Frank. 1993. Temporal Adverbials, Tenses and the Perfect. Linguistics and Philosophy 16: 231-283. Wide, Camilla. 2002. Perfect in Dialogue. Form and Functional Potential of the vera búinn að + inf. Construction in Contemporaiy Icelandic. Doctoral dissertation. Department of Scandinavian Languages and Literature, University of Helsinki, Helsinki. Zagona, Karen. 2008. Perfective Aspect and “Contained Perfectivity”. Lingua 118: 1766-1789. ABSTRACT Keywords: tense, aspect, perfect, semantics, linguistic change This paper deals with the construction vera búinn að (lit. ‘be fmished to’) + infmitive 'n modem Icelandic. The construction expresses a perfect-like meaning (anteriority) and has generally been treated as a perfect. On the basis of the ungrammaticality of Vera búinn að in past counterfactuals, and on its interpretation in negated and iterated c°ntexts and with intransitive achievements like fara ‘go’, it is argued that the con- struction is not a perfect tense but rather expresses a resultant state, much like certain stative passives in languages like Swedish and German (cf. Kratzer 2000). At the same time, there is considerable variation in both distribution and grammaticality Judgements in modem Icelandic, which suggests both a past development and on- going change. ÚTDRÁTTUR Tessi grein fjallar um orðasambandið vera búinn að + nafnháttur í íslensku nú- timamáli. Orðasambandið hefur svipaða merkingu og hafa + lýsingarháttur (nú- löin/þáliðin tíð) og hefúr oft verið greint á svipaðan hátt, þ.e. talið afbrigði af liðinni t'ð (eða loknu horfi, e. perfect). Hömlur á notkun vera að + nh. og hafa + lh. em hins Vegar ólíkar að ýmsu leyti, t.d. að því er varðar óraunveruleikamerkingu í liðinni tíð (sbr. Ef hann hefðibakað köku igœrþá ... og *Efhann vœri búinn að baka köku ígcer pa ■■■), notkun í neikvæðu samhengi (sbr. Jón hefur aldrei hitað kaffi og *Jón er uldrei búinn að hita kaffi) og notkun í samhengi sem felur í sér endurtekningu (setn- ’Ugar eins og Hún hefur oft farið til Kína og ?Hún er oft búin að fara til Kína em ekki Jafngildar). í dæmum af þessari tegund líkist vera búinn að + nh. meira orðasamband- mu vera + lh. af áhrifslausum hreyftngar- og breytingarsögnum (sbr. *Efhann vœri a'inn i gœrþá ..., *Jón er aldrei farinn til Kína, *Jón er oftfarinn til Kína). Með
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Íslenskt mál og almenn málfræði

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