Tímarit hjúkrunarfræðinga - 01.05.2000, Qupperneq 17

Samantekt
Blóðsykurstjórnun sykursjúkra með insúlínháða sykursýki
er vandaverk. Rannsóknir hafa sýnt að ef blóðsykur er
sem næst eðlilegum mörkum dregur úr fylgikvillum sykur-
sýki en um leið eykst hættan á blóðsykurfalli þar sem hinn
sykursjúki þarf á aðstoð annarra að halda. Þátttakendur
töluðu um mikilvægi fræðslu fyrir hinn sykursjúka, svo og
kennslu í líkamlegri umhirðu, m.a. að öðlast færni í
sprautugjöfum og blóðsykurmælingum. Stuðningur og
jákvætt viðhorf gagnvart sykursýki voru talin mikilvæg,
sem og kennsla í að þekkja einkenni of hás og of lágs
blóðsykurs. Þar kom inn í heildræn samfelld hjúkrun þar
sem sykursjúkir læra að treysta eigin tilfinningum varðandi
sykursýkina, en það getur stuðlað að bættri blóðsykur-
stjórnun. Það kom skýrt fram að sykursýki getur verið
lífshættuleg, því var hæfni sykursjúkra til að sjá um sig
sjálfir ávallt metin. Samfella í hjúkrun, til hagsbóta fyrir
skjólstæðinginn, var álitin best tryggð með góðri samvinnu
milli deilda.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe how nurses
working in diabetes care perceived their role in relation to
starting adult patients with insulin dependent diabetes on
insulin. Using phenomenology as a research method, nine
nurses working in the same hospital in Reykjavik were
interviewed and the interviews were analysed according to
Colaizzi’s method of phenomenological inquiry. The results
showed that the nurses perceived their role to be
composed of six themes: a) to introduce the patient for
the diabetic world; b) to be able to follow the treatment; c)
to assuage the shock; d) to be able to balance the
diabetes; e) to assess and assure the safety of the dia-
betic patient; and f) to promote continuity in nursing care.
The role of the nurse when a diabetic is starting insulin
treatment seems to be complicated. Holistic individualized
nursing is important such that nurses are able to support
the client throughout the developmental process which
diabetic disease management is. The results showed that
it could be helpful to organize diabetes care differently,
where specific nurses have the main responsibility for the
nursing care of diabetes patients.
Key words: Diabetes self-management, education,
nursing management on a specific ward, to be able to
manage the blood glucose.
Heimildir
Anderson, J.M. (1990). Home care management in chronic illness and
the self-care movement: An analysis of ideologies and economic
processes influencing policy decisions. Advances in Nursing Sciences,
72(2), 71-83.
Árún K. Sigurðardóttir (1997). A phenomenological study of the
perceptions of diabetes specialist nurses regarding their roles and
function in relation to starting an adult patient with insulin dependent
diabetes on insulin. Óbirt meistaraprófsritgerð. Cardiff: Háskólinn í
Wales.
Árún K. Sigurðardóttir (1999). Nurse specialists' perceptions of their role
and function in relation to starting an adult diabetic on insulin. Journal
of Clinical Nursing, 8(5), 512-518.
Benner, P. (1984). From novice to expert. London: Addison-Wesley.
Benner, P. og Tanner C. (1987). How expert nurses use intuition.
American Journal ofNursing, 87(1), 23-31.
Brown, S.A. (1992). Meta-analysis of diabetes patients education
research: Variations intervention effects across studies. Research in
Nursing and Health, 75,409-419.
Burnard, P. (1995). Nurse educators' perceptions of reflection and
reflective practice: A report of a descriptive study. Journal ofAdvanced
Nursing, 21, 1167-1174.
Burns, N. og Grove, S.K. (1997). The practice of nursing research. (3.
útg.) London: W.B. Saunders.
Callaghan, D. og Williams, A. (1994). Living with diabetes: Issues for
nursing practice. Joumal of Advanced Nursing, 20, 132-139.
Challen, A.H., Davies, A.G., Williams, R.J.W. og Baum, J.D. (1990).
Support for families with diabetic children: Parents' views. Practical
Diabetes, 7(1), 26-31.
Cimprich, B. (1992). A theoretical perspective on attention and patient
education. Advances in Nursing Sciences, 74(3), 39-51.
Coates, V.E. og Boore, J.R.P. (1998). The influence of psychological
factors on the self-management of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 27, 528-537.
Colaizzi, P.F. (1978). Psychological research as the phenomenologist
views it. I R.S. Valle og M. King (Ritstj.). Existential-phenomenological
aleterantives for psychology. New York: Oxford University Press. (bls.
48-135).
Dickson, G.L. (1995). Philosophical orientation of qualitative research. (
L.A. Talbot (Ritstj.). Principles and practice of nursing research. St.
Louis: Mosby. (Bls. 411-433.)
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group (DCCT)
(1996). Influence of intensive diabetes treatment on quality-of-life
outcomes on the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes
Care, 79(3), 195-203.
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group (DCCT)
(1997). Hypoglycaemia in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial.
Diabetes, 46(2), 271-286.
Ellis-Stoll, C.C. og Popkess-Vawter, S. (1998). A concept analysis on the
process of empowerment. Advances in Nursing Sciences, 27(2),
62-68.
Elsa B. Friðfinnsdóttir (1994). Mikilvægi stuðnings í störfum
hjúkrunarfræðinga. Timarit hjúkrunarfræðinga, 70(2), 13-15, 38.
Feddersen, E. og Lockwood, D.H. (1994). An inpatient diabetes
educator's impact on length of hospital stay. The Diabetes Educator,
20(2), 125-128.
Hinds, C. Streater, A. og Mood, D. (1995). Functions and perferred
methods of receiving information related to radiotherapy. Cancer
Nursing, 78(5), 374-384.
Humphris, D. og Soar, C. (1994). Educator: telling or selling? í D.
Humphris (Ritstj).The clinical nurse specialist. London: Macmillan. (Bls.
47-59.)
Jacobson, A.M., Adler, A.G., Derby, L., Anderson B.J. og Wolfsdorf, J.l.
(1991). Clinic attendance and glycamic control. Diabetes Care, 74(7),
599-601.
Jasper, M.A. (1994). Issues in phenomenology for researchers of
nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19, 309-314.
Karlsen, B. (1997). Hospital nurses’ perceptions of patient teaching.
Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 11, 97-102.
King, L. og Appleton, J.V. (1997). Intuition: A critical review of the
research and rhetoric. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26, 194-202.
King, H., Aubert, R.E. og Herman, W.H. (1998). Global burden of
diabetes, 1995-2025. Prevalence, numericla estimates, and projection.
Diabetes Care, 21(9), 1414-1431.
Kristín Björnsdóttir (1992). Klínisk ákvörðunartaka. Innsæi, gildismat og
tilfinningar. Tímarit Fhh, 9(1), 4-6.
Koch, T. (1995). Interpretive approaches in nurisng research. The
influence of Husserl and Heidegger. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21,
827-836.
Koch, T. og Harrington, A. (1998). Reconceptualizing rigour: The case for
reflexivity. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28(4), 882-890.
Koproski, J., Pretto, Z. og Poretsky, L. (1997). Effects on intervertion by
diabetes team in hospitalized patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care,
20,(10), 1553-1555.
Tímarit hjúkrunarfræðinga • 2. tbl. 76. árg. 2000
81