Náttúrufræðingurinn - 2004, Qupperneq 36

Náttúrufræðingurinn
gether as one species in most papers. H.
rugosa is a larger form than H. arctica, but
they both seem to bore into the bottom if
the substrate is suitable. H. rugosa appar-
ently originated in the Atlantic, whereas
H. arctica probably originated in the
Pacific and migrated to the North Atlantic
via the Bering Strait while the Serripes
Zone on Tjömes, north Iceland, was
deposited 3.6 Ma ago.
According to Strauch28 Hiatella arctica
is the only Hiatella spedes in the North
Atlantic and Parific and it can be used to
estimate palaeotemperatures. He corre-
lated shell length and winter minimum
water temperatures for modem H. arctica
in the North Atlantic as well as the Parific.
With this relationship he was able to infer
Cainozoic palaeotemperatures. This
method has been discussed and it has
been stressed that in the Pacific the length
is govemed by mode of life of each popu-
lation and not only the temperature.30
Therefore, this method should be used
with care as an exact palaeothermometer,
although it is often a good indicator.
Þakkir
Ég stend í mikilli þakkarskuld við Guðrúnu Þórarinsdóttur sem hefur lesið
yfir handritið og látið mér í té mjög mikilvægar upplýsingar um rataskel-
jalirfur við ísland. Þá vil ég þakka Oddi Sigurðssyni sem myndaði allar
skeljarnar á 1. mynd. Ennfremur vil ég þakka Rannsóknasjóði Háskóla
íslands fyrir að styrkja þessa rannsókn.
Heimildir
1. Linné, C. 1767. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum
classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, syn-
onymis, locis. 12. edit. reformata. 1 (2). Salvii, Holmiae. Bls. 533-1327.
2. Linné, C. 1771. Mantissa plantarum altera generum 3. 6. edit. Salvii,
Holmiae. Bls. 143-587.
3. Daudin, F.M. 1801. í: L.A.G. Bosc. Histoire naturelle des coquilles 3.
Déterville, Paris. 252 bls.
4. Bellevue, L.B.F. de 1802a. Memoire sur quelques nouveaux genres de
mollusques et de vers lithophages, et sur la faculté qu'ont ces animaux
de percer les rochers. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire
Naturelle et des Arts 54. 345-369.
5. Bellevue, L.B.F. de 1802b. Extrait d'un mémoire sur quelques nouveaux
genres de mollusques et de vers lithophages, et sur la faculté qu'ont ces
animaux de percer les rochers. Société Philomathique de Paris, Bulletin
de Sciences 3 (62). 105-109.
6. Ingimar Óskarsson 1952. Samlokur í sjó (Lamellibranchia). Skeldýra-
fána íslands 1. Atvinnudeild Háskólans, Fiskideild, Reykjavík. 119 bls.
7. Sars, G.O. 1878. Bidrag til kundskaben om Norges arktiske fauna 1.
A.W. Brogger, Christiania. 466 bls.
8. Poppe, G.T. & Goto, Y. 1993. European seashells 2. Christa Hemmen,
Wiesbaden. 221 bls.
9. Lamy, E. 1923. Révision des Saxicavidae vivants de Muséum National
d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Journal de Conchyliologie 68. 218-248.
10. Winckworth, R. 1932. The British marine Mollusca. Journal of
Conchology 19. 211-252.
11. Lamarck, J.B. de 1818. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertébres 5.
Verdiére, Paris. 612 bls.
12. Petersen, G.H. 1978. Life cycles and population dynamics of marine
benthic bivalves from the Disko Bugt area of West Greenland. Ophelia
17(1). 95-120.
13. Fabricius, O. 1780. Fauna Groenlandica. Rothe, Lipsiae. 452 bls.
14. Jensen, A.S. 1951. í: G. Thorson. The Godthaab Expedition 1928. Scapo-
poda, placophora, solenogastres, gastropoda prosobranciata, lamelli-
branchiata. Meddelelser om Gronland 81 (2). 1-117.
15. Tebble, N. 1966. British bivalve seashells. The British Museum (Natural
History), London. 212 bls.
16. Odhner, N.H. 1914. Notizen iiber die Fauna der Adria bei Rovigno.
Beitráge zur Kenntnis der marinen Molluskenfauna von Rovigno in
Istrien. Zoologischer Anzeiger 44. 156-170.
17. Lebour, M.V. 1938. Notes on the breeding of some lamellibranchs from
Plymouth and their larvae. Journal of the Marine Biological Association
of the U.K. 23.119-145.
18. Jorgensen, C.B. 1946. Lamellibranchia. í: G. Thorson. Reproduction and
larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates. Med-
delelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeri- og Havunder-
sogelser. Plankton 4. 277-311.
19. Hunter, W.R. 1949. The structure and behaviour of Hiatella gallicana
(Lamarck) and H. arctica (L.), with special reference to the boring habit.
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 63B. 271-289.
20. Rees, C.B. 1950. The identification and classification of lamellibranch
larvae. Hull Bulletin of Marine Ecology 3. 73-104.
21. Leifur A. Símonarson 1981. Upper Pleistocene and Holocene marine
deposits and faunas on the north coast of Nugssuaq, West Greenland.
Gronlands Geologiske Undersogelse Bulletin 140.1-107.
22. Thorson, G. 1936. The larval development, growth, and metabolism of
arctic marine bottom invertebrates. Meddelelser om Gronland 100 (6).
1-155.
23. Sullivan, C.M. 1948. Bivalve larvae of Malpeque Bay, P.E.I. Bulletins of
the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 77. 1-36.
24. Thorson, G. 1951. The Godthaab Expedition 1928. Scapopoda, pla-
cophora, solenogastres, gastropoda prosobranchiata, lamellibranchiata.
Meddelelser om Gronland 81 (2). 1-117.
25. Ockelmann, W.K. 1958. Marine lamellibranchiata. The Zoology of East
Greenland. Meddelelser om Gronland 122 Í4). 1-256.
26. Garcia, E. & Guðrún Þórarinsdóttir 2003. Aseta ungra skelja á söfnur-
um í Eyjafirði. Náttúrufræðingurinn 71. 129-133.
27. Bernard, F.R. 1979. Bivalve mollusks of the Western Beaufort Sea.
Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles
County 313. 1-80.
28. Strauch, F. 1968. Determination of Cenozoic sea-temperatures using
Hiatella arctica (Linné). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeo-
ecology 5. 213-233.
29. Peacock, J.D. 1993. Late Quaternary marine mollusca as palaeoenviron-
mental proxies: a compilation and assessment of basic numerical data
for NE Atlantic species found in shallow waters. Quatemary Science
Reviews 12. 263-275.
30. Rowland, R.W. & Hopkins, D.M. 1971. Comments on the use of Hiatella
arctica for determining Cenozoic sea temperatures. Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 9. 59-64.
31. Gordillo, S. 2001. Puzzling distribution of the fossil and living genus
Hiatella (Bivalvia). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
165. 231-249.
32. MacNeil, F.S. 1965. Evolution and distribution of the genus Mya, and
Tertiary migrations of mollusca. Geological Survey Professional Paper
483-G. 1-51.
33. Allison, R.C. & Marincovich, L. Jr. 1981. A Late Oligocene or earliest
Miocene molluscan fauna from Sitkinak Island, Alaska. Geological
Survey Professional Paper 1233.1-11.
34. Takeda, H. 1953. The Poronoai Formation (Oligocene Tertiary) of
Hokkaido and south Sakhalin and its fossil fauna. Studies on Coal
Geology. Geological Section, Hokkaido Association of Coal Mining
Technologists 3. 1-103.
35. Deshayes, G.P. 1856. Description des animaux sans vertébres décou-
verts dans le Bassin de Paris 1-2. J.-B. Bailliére et fils, Paris. 912 & 968
bls.
36. Durham, J.W. & MacNeil, S.F. 1967. Cenozoic migrations of marine
invertebrates through the Bering Strait Region. í: The Bering Land
Bridge (ritstj. D.M. Hopkins). Stanford University Press, Stanford. Bls.
326-349.
37. Gladenkov, Y.B., Norton, P. & Spaink, G. 1980. Verkhnyi Kainozoi
Islandii. [Upper Cenozoic of Iceland]. Tmdy Geologicheskogo Instituta,
Academiya Nauk SSSR 345.1-116 (á rússnesku).
38. Backman, J. 1979. Pliocene biostratigraphy of DSDP sites 111 and 116
from the North Atlantic Ocean and the age of the Northem Hemisphere
glaciation. Stockholm Contributions in Geology 32 (3). 115-137.
PÓSTFANG HÖFUNDAR/AUTHOR’S ADDRESS
Leifur A. Símonarson
leifuras@raunvis.hi.is
Raunvísindstofnun Háskólans/Science Institute
Öskju, Sturlugötu 7
IS-101 Reykjavík
Um höfundinn
Leifur A. Símonarson (f. 1941) lauk magistersprófi í
jarðfræði frá Kaupmannahafnarháskóla 1971 og licenti-
at-prófi frá sama skóla 1978. Hann er prófessor í
steingervingafræði við Háskóla íslands og hefur
einkum fengist við rannsóknir á tertíerflóru íslands og
sælindýrafánum frá síðari hluta tertíers, ísöld og nútíma
á íslandi og Grænlandi.
34