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Læknablaðið - 15.12.1998, Qupperneq 25

Læknablaðið - 15.12.1998, Qupperneq 25
LÆKNABLAÐIÐ 1998; 84 927 reglu að í dag eru allir einstaklingar undir sex- tugu sem greinast á heilablóðfallseiningunni með heilablóðþurrð ómaðir í gegnum vélinda. Eldri einstaklingar eru ómaðir gegnum brjóst- vegg ef þeir hafa hjartasjúkdóm eða klínísk einkenni heilablóðþurrðar benda til segareks frá hjarta og ekki er frábending fyrir blóðþynn- ingu. Einstaklingar með gáttatif eru ekki ómað- ir nema hjartasjúkdómur þeirra krefjist þess. Fornvarnarmeðferð við heilablóðþurrð felst í aðgerðum gegn áhættuþáttum æðakölkunar og notkun lyfja sem hindra samloðun blóðflagna. Blóðþynning með warfaríni og skurðaðgerð á hálsæðaslagæð bæta umtalsvert horfur í völd- um tilvikum. Allir með heilablóðþurrð voru meðhöndlaðir með acetýlsalicýlsýru ef ekki voru frábendingar. Orsakagreining leiddi til sértækrar meðferðar hjá fjórðungi einstaklinga. Nákvæmt mat á einkennum heilablóðþurrðar ásamt skipulagðri leit að orsökum hennar eru nauðsynlegar forsendur til að ná árangri í vali á sértækri fyrirbyggjandi meðferð. Vanda verður klínísk vinnubrögð og val á rannsóknaraðferð- um hjá einstaklingum. Pakkir Læknunum Pálmari Hallgrímssyni og Gesti Þorgeirssyni og Maríu K. Jónsdóttur taugasál- fræðingi er þökkuð aðstoð við gerð handrits. Rannsóknin var styrkt af Vísindasjóði Sjúkra- húss Reykjavíkur. HEIMILDIR 1. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterec- tomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid ste- nosis. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 445-53. 2. European Carotid Surgery Trialists' Collaborative Group. MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial: interim results for symptomatic patients with severe (70-99%) or with mild (0- 29%) carotid stenosis. Lancet 1991; 337: 1235-43. 3. Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation investigators. Predic- tors of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: clinical features of patients at risk. Ann Intem Med 1992; 116: 1-5. 4. Brickner ME. Cardioembolic stroke. Am J Med 1996; 100: 465-74. 5. Morley J, Marinchak R, Rials SJ, Kowey P. Atrial fibrilla- tion, anticoagulation, and stroke. Am J Cardiol 1996; 77: 38A-44A. 6. Antiplatelet Trialists’ Collaboration. Secondary prevention of vascular disease by prolonged antiplatelet treatment. Br MedJ 1988; 296: 320-31. 7. Indredavik B, Bakke F, Solberg R, Rokseth R, Haaheim LL, Holme I. Benefit of a stroke unit - a randomized con- trolled trial. Stroke 1991; 12: 1026-31. 8. Langhorne P, Williams BO, Gilchrist W, Howie K. Do stroke units save lives? Lancet 1993; 342: 395-8. 9. Kalra L, Dale P, Crome P. Improving stroke rehabilitation. Acontrolled study. Stroke 1993; 24: 1462-7. 10. Stroke Unit Trialistst' Colloboration Collaborative systema- tic review of the randomised trials of organised inpatient (stroke unit) care after stroke. Br Med J 1997; 314: 1151-9. 11. Hallgrímsson P, Árnadóttir E, Guðmundsson J. Duplex óm- skoðanir af slagæðum á hálsi. Niðurstöður úr fyrstu 105 rannsóknum með samanburði við æðamyndatöku [ágrip]. Læknablaðið 1994; 10: 568-9. 12. Bluth IE, Stavros AT, Marich KW, et al. Carotid duplex sonography; a multicenter recommendation for standar- dized imagin and Doppler criteria. Radiographics 1988; 8: 487-506. 13. Gudmundsson G, Benedikz JEG. Epidemiological investi- gation of cerebrovascular disesae in Iceland, 1958-1968 (ages 0-35 years ). A total population survey. Stroke 1977; 8:329-31. 14. Agnarsson U, Sigvaldason, Sigfusson N. The Reykjavik Study [abstract]. Can J Cardiol 1997; 13/Suppl. B: 179B. 15. Lindgren A, Roijer A, Norrving B, Wallin L, Eskilsson J, Johansson B. Carotid artery and heart disease in subtypes of cerebral infarction. Stroke 1994; 25: 2356-62. 16. Amarenco P, Duyckaerts C, Tzourio C, Hénin D, Bousser M-G, Hauw J-J. The prevalence of ulcerated plaques in the aortich arch in patients with stroke. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 221-5. 17. Kraaijeveld CL, van Gijn J, Schouten HJA, Staal A. Inter- observer agreement for the diagnosis of transient ischemic attack. Stroke 1984; 15: 723-5. 18. Harold P, Adams Jr, Biller J. Vascular disease of the nervous system. In: Schmidley JW, ed. Neurology in Clinical Prac- tice. Boston: Butterworth-Heineman 1991: 907-36. 19. Harrison MJG, Marshall J. Atrial fibrillation, TIAs and completed stroke. Stroke 1984; 15: 441-2. 20. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET). Stroke 1997; 28: 2106. 21. Cerebral Embolism Task Force. Cardiogenic Brain Embo- lism: The Second Report of the Cerebral Embolism Task Force. Arch Neurol 1989; 46: 727-43. 22. Hart RG. Cardiogenic embolism to the brain. Lancet 1992; 339: 589-94. 23. DeRook FA, Comess KA, Albers GW, Popp RL. Transeso- phageal echocardiography in the evaluation of stroke. Ann Intem Med 1992; 117:922-32. 24. Bogousslavsky J, Cachin C, Regli F, Despland PA, Van Melle G, Kappenberger L. Cardiac sources of embolism and cerebral infarction-clinical consequences and vascular concomitans. Neurology 1991; 41: 855-9.
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