Ritmennt - 01.01.2001, Síða 143

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Summary
The Enlightenment and the Ideology of the
Icelanders in the Late Nineteenth Century and
the Early Twentieth Century
This article deals with the connections
between the Enlightenment and the ideology of
the Icelanders in the late nineteenth century and
the early twentieth century.
Special care should be talcen when particular
attitudes at a given time are attributed to the in-
fluence of an international intellectual current.
In some cases people at the time were not aware
that they were influenced by a general move-
ment of ideas which people nowadays consider
as having been influential then. This does not
apply to the Enlightenment. In its heyday it was
referred to as an international intellectual cur-
rent even though there was no specific En-
lightenment manifesto. All intellectual move-
ments are to a certain extent based on other cur-
rents that emerged earlier, but it can be argued
that the Enlightenment was one of the rnost
important turning points in European intellec-
tual history since the time when most Euro-
peans embraced Christianity. In a European con-
text, the heyday of the Enlightenment was in the
eighteenth century. However, the Enlighten-
ment has strong linlcs with liberalism, socialism,
positivism and various other international in-
tellectual currents which were very influential
in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In
Iceland, the term for the Enlightenment, upplýs-
ing, was not used much as a term for an in-
tellectual movement in the late nineteenth cen-
tury and the early twentieth century,- it was
rather used as a general term. There are not
therefore many direct references to the En-
lightenment in Icelandic works from the period.
Nevertheless, ideology that was to a greater or
lesser extent derived from the Enlightcnment
was important in the country at that time.
The Icelandic Enlightenment was an offshoot
of the German-Danish Enlightenment. Iceland
was a part of the Danish state at the time. The
period of the greatest influence of the Enlighten-
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