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Heimildir
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Y F I R L I T S G R E I N
– 400 mg freyðitöflurAntabus
Við áfengissýki
Antabus – 400 mg freyðitöflur. Virkt innihaldsefni: Dísúlfíram 400 mg. Ábendingar: Áfengissýki. Antabus er notað sem einlyfjameðferð
eða stuðningsmeðferð til viðbótar við önnur meðferðarúrræði hjá sjúklingum sem háðir eru áfengi. Skammtar og lyfjagjöf: Meðferð með
Antabus er aðeins hægt að hefja þegar allt áfengi hefur hreinsast úr blóði sjúklingsins. Meðferð með Antabus skal laga að þörfum hvers
og eins til að losa viðkomandi undan áfengissýki. Algengur upphafsskammtur er 200–400 mg 2–3 sinnum í viku. Algengur viðhalds-
skammtur: 100–200 mg daglega eða 600–800 mg tvisvar í viku. Sumir sjúklingar geta þurft stærri eða tíðari skammta til að losna undan
áfengissýki. Skammtinn skal helst taka að morgni, en ef lyfið veldur þreytu má taka skammtinn að kvöldi. Þegar Antabus hefur verið tekið
reglulega í ákveðinn tíma, sem valinn er fyrir hvern og einn, getur sjúklingurinn byrjað að taka lyfið aðeins eftir þörfum, t.d. í aðstæðum
þegar erfitt er að ráða við drykkjulöngun, með stöðugu eftirliti með lifrarprófum. Frábendingar: Ómeðhöndlaðir hjartasjúkdómar,
háþrýstingur, staðfest geðrof, alvarlegar vefrænar heilaskemmdir, alvarlegar persónuleikatruflanir, áfengisneysla, ofnæmi fyrir virka
efninu eða einhverju hjálparefnanna. Upplýsingar um aukaverkanir, milliverkanir, varnaðarorð og önnur mikilvæg atriði má nálgast í
sérlyfjaskrá – www.serlyfjaskra.is. Pakkningar og hámarksverð í smásölu (ágúst 2016): 400 mg, 50 stk: 10.438 kr. Afgreiðsluflokkur: R.
Greiðsluþátttaka: G. Markaðsleyfishafi: Actavis Group hf. Frekari upplýsingar: www.actavis.is, s: 550 3300. Dagsetning síðustu
samantektar um eiginleika lyfsins: 14. júní 2016. Ágúst 2016.
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ENGLISH SUMMARY
Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are uncommon but can
cause intracerebral hemorrhage with grave disability or death. AVMs
can even cause focal neurological symptoms, seizures and
headache. The treatment of AVMs is complex. The most common
treatment forms are microsurgery, stereotactic radiotherapy and
endovascular embolization. The best treatment in each case can include
a combination of the mentioned treatment forms. New studies indicate
that no intervention is the best option in unruptured AVMs. In this article
we discuss the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of cerebral AVMs.
Cerebral arteriovenous malformations – overview
Ólafur Árni Sveinsson1, Ingvar H. Ólafsson2, Einar Már Valdimarsson3
1Department of Neurology Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, 2Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Iceland, 3Department of Neurology, University Hospital of
Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Key words: cerebral arteriovenous malformations, intracerebral hemorrhage, seizures, headache, surgery, radiation, endovascular embolization.
Correspondence: Ólafur Sveinsson, olafur.sveinsson@karolinska.se