Jökull


Jökull - 01.12.2007, Side 55

Jökull - 01.12.2007, Side 55
Seismicity in Iceland during 2006 During 2006, over 460 icequakes were sourced from the lower ablation zone of Skeiðarárjökull (Fig- ure 1). Most of these icequakes occurred in seven short-lived sequences comprising between 12 and 185 events. Icequakes ranged in size from magnitude 0 to 2.7, and sequences coincided either with periods of intense rainfall over southern Vatnajökull (Figure 8), or high, diurnal variations in air temperature in the vicinity of the glacier. Additionally, icequakes were generated during a minor jökulhlaup in Septem- ber from Grænalón –a lagoon situated at the north- western flank of Skeiðarárjökull, as observed during previous floods from the lagoon since 2001 (Roberts, 2005). Using a network of three continuous GPS sta- tions, Roberts et al. (2006) demonstrated that seismic- ity from Skeiðarárjökull is associated with short-term uplift and enhanced, down-glacier displacement of the ice surface, presumably due to temporary storage of water beneath the glacier. Askja–HerðubreiðRegion The number of earthquakes detected in the area just north of the Vatnajökull ice cap has increased with the installation of six additional seismic stations in recent years (Figure 1). Seismicity in 2006 was mostly con- fined to two earthquake swarms in the vicinity of the table mountain Herðubreið and the hyaloclastite ridge Herðubreiðartögl (Figure 9). This area lies between the Askja and Kverkfjöll fissure swarms and no sur- face fissures have been observed there (Jóhannesson and Sæmundsson, 1998a,b). An earthquake swarm took place northwest of Herðubreiðartögl from 12 to 18 April and another swarm north of Herðubreið from 27 to 30 May. After relocating the earthquakes with a double-differencemethod, the majority of hypocen- ters in both swarms were sourced at depths of 3–6 km on northeasterly striking near-vertical planes. The focal mechanisms of the largest earthquakes in each swarm indicate left-lateral movement along the fault Figure 8. Timing of icequake activity in Skeiðarárjökull in April and May 2006 and rainfall observed at a mete- orological station (560 m a.s.l.), sited 40 km west of the glacier. Note the time-lag between the onset of intense rainfall on 29 April and seismicity from Skeiðarárjökull. See Figure 1 for the epicentral location of icequake sequences in Skeiðarárjökull during 2006. – Uppsafnaður fjöldi ísskjálfta í Skeiðarárjökli í apríl-maí 2006 og úrkoma mæld á Laufbala, um 40 km vestur af jöklinum. Fylgni milli mikillar úrkomu og skjálftavirkni í Skeiðarárjökli er greinileg. JÖKULL No. 57 53
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Jökull

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