Læknablaðið - 01.05.2021, Page 17

L ÆK N A BL AÐIÐ 2021/107 233
E N G L I S H S U M M A R Y
Bolli Þórsson1,2
Elías Freyr Guðmundsson1
Gunnar Sigurðsson1
Thor Aspelund1,3
Vilmundur Guðnason1,3
1Icelandic Heart Association, 2Landspitali- The National
University Hospital of Iceland, 3University of Iceland
Correspondence: Vilmundur Guðnason, v.gudnason@hjarta.is
Key words: Prevalence of type 2 diabetes, Incidence
of type 2 diabetes, Prescription Medicines Register,
Icelandic Heart Association.
Prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes in Iceland 2005-2018
INTRODUCTION: The number of people with type 2 diabetes has increased in Iceland in
the last few decades. We utilized the national database on prescribed medication from the
Directorate of Health to estimate the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes in Iceland
and made prediction on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Iceland in 10 and 20 years.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes for the period
2005-2018 was estimated based on prescriptions of diabetes medication in the national
prescription database containing all prescriptions in Iceland during the period. The result
was compared to the result from the REFINE-Reykjavik study (prospective, population-based
cohort study) from 2004 to 2011 and published data from the USA from 1980 to 2016.
RESULTS: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes more than doubled in near all age groups in both
men and women in the period 2005-2018. The incidence increased by 2.8% annually (in 18-79
years old). The number of people in Iceland with type 2 diabetes was 10600 in 2018 and had
increased from 4200 in the year 2005.
Comparison with the results of the REFINE-Reykjavik study showed an underestimation (29%
in men and women) of the prevalence of type 2 diabetes.
If the increase in type 2 diabetes continues at a similar rate as in the years 2005-2018 the
number of people with diabetes in Iceland could be near 24000 in the year 2040.
CONCLUSION: Linear increase was seen in incidence and prevalence of people with type 2
diabetes in the years 2005-2018. Similar evolution was seen in USA from 1984. In order to
counteract the increase of type 2 diabetes following the same path as has been seen in the
USA, targeted measures are needed.
doi 10.17992/lbl.2021.05.634
1. Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010
and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010; 87: 4-14.
2. Rawshani A, Rawshani A, Franzén S, et al. Risk Factors, Mortality, and Cardiovascular
Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med 2018; 379: 633-44.
3. Dugani SB, Moorthy MV, Li C, et al. Association of Lipid, Inflammatory, and Metabolic
Biomarkers With Age at Onset for Incident Coronary Heart Disease in Women. JAMA
Cardiol 2021; 6: 437-47.
4. Ndjaboue R, Farhat I, Ferlatte C-A, et al. Predictive models of diabetes complications:
protocol for a scoping review. Syst Rev 2020; 9: 137.
5. Zhou XH, Qiao Q, Zethelius B, et al. Diabetes, prediabetes and cancer mortality.
Diabetologia 2010; 53: 1867-76.
6. World Health Organizatin Global report on diabetes. 2016.
7. Thorsson B, Eiriksdottir G, Sigurdsson S, et al. Population distribution of traditional and
the emerging cardiovascular risk factors carotid plaque and IMT: the REFINE-Reykjavik
study with comparison with the Tromsø study. BMJ Open 2018; 8: e019385.
8. Bjarnason TA, Kristinsdottir LB, Oskarsdottir ES, et al. Editor’s Choice- Diagnosis of type
2 diabetes and prediabetes among patients with acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J
Acute Cardiovasc Care 2017; 6: 744-9.
9. Benoit SR, Hora I, Albright AL, et al. New directions in incidence and prevalence of
diagnosed diabetes in the USA. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2019; 7: e000657.
10. Andersen K, Aspelund T, Guðmundsson EF, et al. Yfirlitsgrein. Úr gögnum Hjartaverndar:
Faraldsfræði kransæðasjúkdóma á Íslandi í hálfa öld. Læknablaðið 2017; 103: 411-20.
11. Cowie CC, Rust KF, Byrd-Holt DD, t al. Prevalence of Diabetes and Impaired Fasting
Glucose in Adults in the U.S. Population. Nat Health Nutr Examin Surv 1999–2002. 2006;
29: 1263-8.
12. Þórsson B, Aspelund T, Harris TB, et al. Þróun holdafars og sykursýki í 40 ár á Íslandi.
Læknablaðið 2009; 95: 259-66.
13. Magliano DJ, Islam RM, Barr ELM, et al. Trends in incidence of total or type 2 diabetes:
systematic review. BMJ 2019; 366: l5003.
14. Rowley WR, Bezold C, Arikan Y, et al. Diabetes 2030: Insights from Yesterday, Today, and
Future Trends. Popul Health Manag 2017; 20: 6-12.
15. Hvað borða Íslendingar? Könnun á mataræði Íslendinga 2010-2011. Helstu niðurstöð-
ur. Embætti landlæknis, Matvælastofnun, Rannsóknastofa í næringarfræði, Reykjavík
2011. landlaeknir.is/servlet/file/store93/item14901/Hva%C3%B0%20bor%C3%B0a%20
%C3%8Dslendingar_april%202012.pdf - apríl 2021.
16. Sinclair A, Pouya S, Kaundal A, et al. Diabetes and global ageing among 65–99-year-old
adults: Findings from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9 th edition.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 162: 108078.
17. Wright AK, Kontopantelis E, Emsley R, et al. Life Expectancy and Cause-Specific Mortality
in Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study Quantifying Relationships in Ethnic
Subgroups. Diabet Care 2017; 40: 338-45.
18. Fuentes S, Mandereau-Bruno L, Regnault N, et al. Is the type 2 diabetes epidemic
plateauing in France? A nationwide population-based study. Diabetes Metab 2020; 46: 472-
9.
19. Gruss SM, Nhim K, Gregg E, et al. Public Health Approaches to Type 2 Diabetes
Prevention: the US National Diabetes Prevention Program and Beyond. Curr Diab Rep
2019; 19: 78.
20. Makrilakis K, Liatis S, Grammatikou S, et al. N. Implementation and effectiveness of the
first community lifestyle intervention programme to prevent Type 2 diabetes in Greece.
The DE-PLAN study. Diabet Med 2010; 27: 459-65.
21. heilsugaeslan.is/
22. Andreyeva T, Long MW, Brownell KD. The Impact of Food Prices on Consumption: A
Systematic Review of Research on the Price Elasticity of Demand for Food. Am J Publ
Health 2010; 100: 216-22.
23. Niebylski ML, Redburn KA, Duhaney T, et al. Healthy food subsidies and unhealthy food
taxation: A systematic review of the evidence. Nutr 2015; 31: 787-95.
24. Mayne SL, Auchincloss AH, Michael YL. Impact of policy and built environment changes
on obesity-related outcomes: a systematic review of naturally occurring experiments.
Obesity Rev 2015; 16: 362-75.
Heimildir