Læknablaðið : fylgirit - 03.01.2017, Blaðsíða 10

X V I I I V Í S I N D A R Á Ð S T E F N A H Í
F Y L G I R I T 9 1
10 LÆKNAblaðið/Fylgirit 91 2017/103
Method: Participants were 35 outpatients (M age = 28.3; SD = 11.5; 54%
female) at an anxiety treatment center in Iceland diagnosed with SAD
(according to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; MINI)
as a primary diagnosis. Total scores on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale
were 82.7 on average, SD = 20.7. Participants were interviewed with a
semi-structured interview to assess imagery in SAD, which was adapted
to focus specifically on reactions to intrusive images.
Results: Sixty percent of the participants reported experiencing recur-
rent, clinically significant intrusive images in the last 6 months. Most
participants reported the image as a brief video (76%). 68% of particip-
ants reported that the image was based on a memory. 85.7% of patients
who had experienced a recurrent intrusive image reported at least one
compulsive strategy in response to the intrusive image.
Discussion: This initial study is a first step toward establishing that
obsessions and compulsions may exist in SAD as a maintaining process.
There appear to be greater similarities between SAD and obsessive-
-compulsive spectrum disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder
and body dysmorphic disorder than previously believed. Future direct-
ions and treatment implications are discussed.
E 8 Beliefs and appraisals of intrusive images among outpatients
diagnosed with social anxiety disorder
Jóhann Harðarson, Andri Björnsson, Karen Guðmundsdóttir, Arnrún Tryggvadóttir
University of Iceland
johannhardar@gmail.com
Introduction: Recurrent intrusive images occur across mental disorders,
although their specific content varies depending on the disorder.
However, research on how patients appraise these images has mostly
been limited to studies on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). One
question concerns whether cognitive behavioral models of OCD are rel-
evant for appraisal processes of intrusive images in other disorders.
Methods: In this study, it was examined whether patients with social
anxiety disorder (SAD) endorse three types of beliefs in relation to intrusi-
ve images that have been hypothesized as being specific to OCD (e.g.,
responsibility). In addition, appraisals of intrusive images in SAD were
explored with content analyses. Participants were 35 outpatients (M age =
28.3; SD = 11.5; 54.3% female) at an anxiety treatment center in Iceland di-
agnosed with SAD, as a primary diagnosis. Participants were interviewed
with a semi-structured interview to assess imagery in SAD, which was
adapted to focus specifically on appraisals of intrusive images.
Results: Sixty percent of participants reported clinically significant in-
trusive images with all of those patients appraising the image as having
a negative meaning. Most SAD patients endorsed beliefs and appraisals
of intrusive images that have been hypothesized to be specific to OCD.
However, content analysis revealed that the most significant appraisals
seemed specific to SAD, such as beliefs of having a flawed self, and believ-
ing others to be critical or cruel.
Conclusion: There appear to be greater similarities between appraisal
processes in SAD and OCD than previously believed. Future directions
and treatment implications are discussed.
E 9 Cognition, functional outcome, clinical symptoms and quality of
life in early psychosis: An exploratory study
Ólína Viðarsdóttir1,2, Brynja Magnúsdóttir2,3, David Roberts4, Elizabeth Twamley5 ,
Berglind Guðmundsdóttir1,2, Engilbert Sigurðsson1,2
1The University of Iceland, 2Landspitali University Hospital, 3 Reykjavík University, 4 The Uni-
versity of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 5University of California, San Diego and
VA San Diego Healthcare System
vidarsdo@landspitali.is
Introduction: Social cognitive dysfunction has been demonstrated in early
psychosis and been identified as a mediator between neurocognition and
functional outcome. We investigated two mechanisms of social cogn-
ition, social cognitive function and social bias and their relationship to
neurocognition, functional outcome, clinical symptoms and quality of life.
Methods and data: Neurocognition (working memory, verbal memory,
logic reasoning, processing speed, and executive functioning), social cogn-
ition (social cognitive function and social bias), clinical symptoms, funct-
ional outcome and quality of life were assessed in 68 individuals with
primary psychotic disorder seeking service at a first episode psychosis
service in Iceland (mean age: 24; 83% males). Raw scores from cognitive
tests were transformed into Z-scores. Correlations analysis was used to
examine the relationship between social cognition and neurocognition,
clinical symptoms, functional outcome and quality of life.
Results: Two measures of social bias correlated with positive symptoms
(r= .48-.49, p< 0.01). Correlations were found between social cognitive
function and negative symptoms (r = -.29 - -.33, p< 0.05), as well as with
multiple neurocognitive domains. Quality of life correlated with one mea-
sure of social bias (r= -.33, p= 0.05), but with none of the neurocognitive
measures. Stronger correlations were found between functional outcomes
and social cognition than for neurocognition.
Conclusions: Findings indicate that the two underlying mechanisms of
social cognition, social bias and social cognitive function are impaired in
this population and have a significant association with functional outcome
and quality of life. Further analysis using regression methods will provide
better understanding on the associations between factors.
E 10 Neonatal outcomes in infants of women with past exposure to
sexual violence
Agnes Gísladóttir1, Sven Cnattingius2, Miguel A. Luque-Fernandez3, Þórður
Þorkelsson4, Arna Hauksdóttir1, Berglind Guðmundsdóttir5, Ragnheiður I.
Bjarnadóttir6, Thor Aspelund1, Bernard L. Harlow7, Unnur A. Valdimarsdóttir1
1Center of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 2Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Karol-
inska Institutet, 3Department of Non-Communicable Diseases, London School of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine, 4Neonatal Inensive Care Unit, Landspitali - The National University
Hospital of Iceland, 5Mental health services, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of
Iceland, 6HDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali - The National University
Hospital of Iceland, 7School of Public Health, Boston University
agnesg@hi.is
Introduction: Sexual violence is common, but further studies are needed
on the potential influence of such exposure on subsequent perinatal
outcomes. We aimed to investigate potential associations between past
exposure to sexual violence (in adolescence or adulthood), and risks of
adverse neonatal outcomes in later pregnancies.
Methods: Information on women attending a Rape Trauma Service (RTS)
were linked to the Icelandic Medical Birth Registry. The exposed group
included neonates born on average 6 years after their mothers attended
the RTS (n=1067). The non-exposed group included randomly selected
neonates of mothers who had not attended the RTS, matched on maternal
age, parity, and season of delivery (n=9105). Poisson regression was used
to estimate relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).