Læknablaðið : fylgirit - 03.01.2017, Blaðsíða 37

X V I I I V Í S I N D A R Á Ð S T E F N A H Í
F Y L G I R I T 9 1
Objectives: Several epidemiological studies have reported an incre-
ased cancer incidence among subjects with obstructive sleep apnea
(OSA) and in animal models intermittent hypoxia has been related to
markers of cancer activity. Our aim is to report nationwide data on the
prevalence and incidence of cancer among all diagnosed Icelandic OSA
patients (total population 320,000).
Methods: Altogether 8.833 Icelanders 20 years and older (6311 males
and 2522 females) had ever been diagnosed with clinically significant
OSA from 1987 until December 2014. All subjects ever diagnosed with
cancer in this group until 2014, were identified in the population-based
Icelandic Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were
estimated.
Results: Among the OSA patients altogether 512 had been diagnosed
with cancer when they were diagnosed with OSA and were excluded
from the analyses. In the 88.542 person years of follow-up after OSA di-
agnosis there were 869 incident cancer cases (10.4%). The most common
incident cancer in females was breast cancer (n=68, 28%) and prostate
cancer in males (n=200, 32%). OSA patients with cancer had similar body
mass index, OSA severity and age at OSA diagnosis as those not di-
agnosed. In the ongoing age- and gender specific risk analysis, subjects
under 65 years of age were at increased cancer risk (SIR: 1.2(1.1;1.4)),
especially melanoma that accounted for 3% of incident cases in females
and males (8 and19 cases, respectively, SIR(1.8(1.1;2.9)).
Conclusions: Nationwide Icelandic data show that OSA has a moderate
risk association with some cancer types among subjects less than 65 years
of age.
E 99 Sexuality and intimacy following cancer: a systematic review of
couple-based interventions, synthesis and results
Jóna I. Jónsdóttir, Helga Jónsdóttir, Marianne Klinke
Nursing department, University of Iceland,
jonaijon@lsh.is
Background and Purpose: Few studies use couple based interventions to
address sexual problems and intimacy problems after cancer. The aim of
this review was to describe and synthesize the characteristics and results
of these studies.
Methods: A systematic literature review of intervention studies inclu-
ding; randomized controlled studies, quasi experimental studies, and
correlational pre-post studies. The Johanna Briggs Institute (JBI) revi-
ewer’s handbook guided the review and the PRISMA statement used
to optimize transparent reporting of methods and results. An electronic
search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, and PsychINFO from 2009-
2016. Additional information was retrieved by scrutinizing reference
lists, conducting citation tracking, and contacting authors. Two reviewers
independently assessed the studies and the risk of bias was determined
by using JBI-MAStARI.
Results: Fourteen studies were included. Delivery, intensity and content
of couple based interventions varied between studies. Interventions were
delivered face-to-face, by telephone-or via the internet/web. Sessions
ranged from 1-8 with duration from 2-24 weeks. Most studies offered
>3 sessions. Interventions addressed unique concerns and/or provided
education or encompassed various mixtures of those. There was no
consensus in the use of outcome measures across studies. Interventions
were provided by peers or by professionals from different backgrounds
such as nursing, psychology or social work.
Conclusion: There was no clear consensus about how couple based
interventions were best structured and how their effectiveness should
be ascertained. Results provide tentative evidence for how research and
clinical practice may be refined when the goal is to alleviate sexual and
intimacy concerns in couples following cancer.
E 100 Sleep length and the association to respiratory symptoms and
obesity among middle aged adults
Þórarinn Gíslason1, Erla Björnsdóttir1, Erna S. Arnardóttir2, Bryndís Benediktsdóttir2
1Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, 2Medical Faculty, University
of Iceland
thorarig@landspitali.is
Study objectives: Sleep length has been found to be associated with
obesity and various adverse health outcome variables. Obesity is related
to respiratory symptoms. The possible association between of sleep length
with and respiratory symptoms has not been described.
Methods: Participants (n=5850, 52.4% females) were adults in the third
follow-up of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey
(ECRHS III, www.ecrsh.org). Age range 40-68 years. Information was
collected on general and respiratory health and sleep length.
Results: The mean (±SD) reported nighttime sleep duration was 6.9
± 1.0 hours. Short sleepers (< 6 hours per night) were n= 387 (7.6%) of
the sample and long sleepers (≥9 hours per night) were n=271 (4.3%).
Short sleep was significantly associated with all respiratory symptoms
(wheezing, waking up with chest tightness, shortness of breath, coughing,
phlegm and bronchitis) also after adjusting for age, gender, body mass
index (BMI), center, marital status, exercise and smoking. Short sleepers
had a significantly higher BMI as compared to normal and long sleepers
(p<0.001). Therefore, analyses were stratified for two groups:– obese
subjects (n=2572) with BMI ≥ > 30 and/or reported hypertension, diabetes
or cardiovascular disease (n=2572); and a group including subjects with
BMI < 30 and no co-morbidities (n=3238 ). Short sleep was related to the
majority of respiratory symptoms among subjects in both groups whereas
long sleep was related only a few symptoms among the more obese and
symptomatic subjects.
Conclusion: Respiratory symptoms are more common among short
sleepers independent of obesity and cardiovascular co-morbidity.
E 101 Fæðumynstur á meðgöngu - gagnsemi skimunar á fyrsta
þriðjungi meðgöngu
Ingibjörg Gunnarsdóttir1,2, Laufey Hrólfsdóttir1, Hildur Harðardóttir3,4, Bryndís E.
Birgisdóttir1,2, Þórhallur I. Halldórsson1,2
1Rannsóknastofa í næringarfræði við Háskóla Íslands og Landpítala, 2Matvæla og
næringarfræðideild, Háskóla íslands 3Landspítali, Kvennadeild, 4Læknadeild Háskóla Íslands
ingigun@hi.is
Inngangur: Næring á meðgöngu tengist heilsu móðurinnar á meðgöngu
sem og þroska, vexti og heilsu barnsins til lengri tíma. Aðferðir til að
kanna mataræði eru tímafrekar og þörf á einföldum mælikvörðum á
hollustu fæðu sem unnt er að beita í klínísku starfi. Markmið rannsóknar-
innar var að kanna hvort fæðumynstur snemma á meðgöngu, sem metið
er með stuttum spurningalista um fæðuval, tengist kvillum á meðgöngu
eða fæðingu.
Efniviður og aðferðir: Konur sem mættu í ómskoðun í 11.-14. viku með-
göngu á Landspítala frá 1.október 2015 - 30.september 2016 og samþykktu
þátttöku í rannsókninni (~ 80%) svöruðu stuttum rafrænum spurninga-
lista um fæðuval, menntun, hjúskaparstöðu, reykingar, fjölda fyrri barna,
LÆKNAblaðið 2017/103 37