Reykjavík Grapevine - 07.01.2006, Blaðsíða 12
Cramps. Even the word is a turn off.
Women don’t want to think about it.
Men don’t want to know. In fact, I’d be
surprised if many men continue reading
this column, knowing it’ll involve cramps.
Lots of cramps.
Like many women, I had cramps
whenever my period came around. How-
ever, there was something very extraordi-
nary about me. My cramps were so bad,
they crippled me completely for two days
per month. I’d faint in class and wake up
in a taxi in front of my house, having been
sent home by a sympathetic teacher. I’d
bite my pillow and bawl my eyes out, scar-
ing my roommates and baffling doctors. I
ended up in a hospital on more than one
occasion. Nobody knew what to tell me.
Usually, I was prescribed painkillers and
sent home to suffer in solitude. It was
hard to plan any activities when that time
of the month came around. I knew I’d
probably be curled up in my bed, slipping
in and out of consciousness and unable to
even dress myself, let alone show up for
work. People got a certain look in their
eyes when I explained that I’d been absent
due to cramps. “Everybody gets them,” I
was told. The silent implication was that
most women just deal with it. I felt like a
sissy who couldn’t cope with the simplest
of women’s issues.
Finally, after ten years of agony and
a dozen useless doctors’ appointments, I
attended a conference in Australia. One
morning Down Under, I was sitting in
my room, munching on my Cheerios
and watching an early talk show where a
woman was describing agonising men-
strual cramps that plagued her for years.
I put the Cheerios away and cranked up
the volume in amazement as the woman
said things about her condition that could
easily have come out of my mouth.
The show’s focus was on a disease
called endometriosis, something I became
instantly convinced that I had. Upon
returning to Iceland, I made an appoint-
ment with a specialist in the field, who cut
me open and found out that I did indeed
suffer from this particular disease. I found
it utterly ironic that after having talked
to numerous doctors in Iceland and the
US (where I once lived), I had to go to
the other side of the planet and watch TV
before I could diagnose myself with this
condition. Moreover, endometriosis is
the second most common gynaecological
condition and it is believed to affect ap-
proximately 10% of women at some stage
during their menstruating years. It is also
one of the leading causes of infertility in
women over the age of 25. (www.endome-
triosis.org.)
That aside, endometriosis can also
lead to cancer, which makes it more wor-
risome that nobody had mentioned the
possibility that I might have this before.
None of my girlfriends had heard about
endometriosis either. As the general
ignorance about this well-spread, serious
disease became evident to me, I decided to
do something about it.
What is Endometriosis?
Endometriosis is a hormonal and immune
disease affecting women in their reproduc-
tive years. The name comes from the word
‘endometrium,’ which is the tissue that
lines the inside of the uterus and builds up
and sheds each month in the menstrual
cycle. In endometriosis, this tissue is
found outside of the uterus in other areas
of the body, most commonly in the abdo-
men and on the ovaries, where it develops
into so-called tumours or growths. These
growths respond to the menstrual cycle
and bleed each month. However, unlike
the lining of the uterus, endometrial tissue
has no way of leaving the body. The result
is internal bleeding, degeneration of the
blood and tissue shed from the growths,
inflammation of the surrounding areas and
formation of scar tissue. These growths
can become cancerous, and women with
endometriosis are at a higher risk for ovar-
ian and breast cancer as well as melanoma.
The most common symptoms of
endometriosis are pain before and dur-
ing periods, pain during sex and heavy
bleeding. Other symptoms include painful
bowel movements with periods, lower
back pain with periods, gastrointestinal
problems and fatigue. Many women with
endometriosis, such as me, also experi-
ence a range of immune disorders includ-
ing allergies, asthma, eczema and certain
autoimmune diseases. Infertility affects an
alarming 30-40% percent of women with
endometriosis and is a common result
with progression of the disease.
No sure cure has yet been found.
Diagnosis is generally considered uncer-
tain until proven by laparoscopy. During
laparoscopy, endometrial growths are
often removed or destroyed, which can re-
lieve symptoms temporarily. Yet it doesn’t
prevent new growths from developing.
Hysterectomy (removal of the uterus)
and removal of the ovaries is considered a
definitive cure, but an unappealing option
for women who’d like to have children of
their own. An alternative solution is to
prescribe hormones to prevent ovulation
altogether, stopping women from having
their period. That way, the symptoms of
endometriosis are relieved for the duration
of the hormone treatment, after which the
woman still has the possibility to become
pregnant. Because it is believed that infer-
tility is more likely the longer the disease
is present, women with endometriosis
are advised not to postpone pregnancy.
However, they may have a higher rate
of ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage,
and have more difficult pregnancies and
labours. Research shows that the risk of
endometriosis and related health problems
is higher in the children of women with
the disease.
If you suspect you may have this
disease, ask your doctor about it. Urge
your friends who are experiencing these
symptoms to do the same. (For Icelandic
readers, the word for endometriosis is
‘legslímuflakk’). The Endometriosis As-
sociation puts it simply: “Because of the
life-disrupting nature of endometriosis,
women and girls are encouraged not to
ignore symptoms.”
For more information, go to www.En-
dometriosisAssn.org. For Icelandic readers,
go to http://www4.landspitali.is/lsh_ytri.
nsf/pages/kven_0107
Endometriosis:
Not for sissies
a column by
Þórdís Elva Þorvaldsdóttir Bachmann
Following the Kárahnjúkar protests of
2005 was anything but boring. The year
might have started off with some grum-
blings between geologists and power com-
pany directors, but from the moment the
green skyr flew in Hótel Nordica, events
took a wilder, sometimes more farcical,
turn. The year careened into immigra-
tion issues, charges of police brutality and
harassment, destruction of property (in
the east of Iceland and here in Reykjavík),
and a sexual assault accusation against a
police officer, before seemingly coming to
a screeching halt at a large military tent
by Tjörnin. 2006, on the other hand, has
already seen what might be the start of a
stronger, more organised environmentalist
movement, one that seems to have learned
something from the mistakes made last
year. This could be the year environmen-
talism in Iceland gets serious.
Last week, environmentalist group Hætta
hópurinn (The Stop Group), with the
help of actress Margrét Vilhjálmsdóttir,
organised a concert that brought about
five thousand people to Laugardalshöll. A
wealth of musicians, including Mugison,
Damon Albarn, Björk and a surprise ap-
pearance by Damien Rice, all performed
in the name of stopping construction of
the dam at Kárahnjúkar, simply because
they were invited to do so. It’s certainly
no effortless task to organise a concert of
this calibre, but I was frankly surprised it
didn’t happen last year, while Kárahnjúkar
was still getting more front-page attention
than it had seen in a long time, the issue
once again brought to the public’s atten-
tion for a sustained period. Hætta hópu-
rinn found a way to do one better: bring
thousands to come and listen, willingly.
But even before the concert began,
Ms. Vilhjálmsdóttir, Björk, and Mr.
Albarn already demonstrated a sense of
inclusion, on live television. Mr. Albarn,
as you can see from the transcript in this
issue, handled himself well in the face of
a pretty rough Kastljós interview. Inter-
viewed on the same show by the same
journalist, Ms. Vilhjálmsdóttir put a great
deal of emphasis on the idea of open dis-
cussion and the weight of public opinion
(which she does again in an interview on
page 21). Notions like giving the public
greater access to information, bringing
them closer to the ear of parliament and
actually communicating with the people
seemed sorely lacking in 2005, especially
when one of the main players in last year’s
protests refused an interview solely on the
grounds that “the actions speak for them-
selves.” These “actions” included spray-
painting slogans on private homes in
downtown Reykjavík, as well as, bizarrely
enough, the house where Alþjóðahúsið
keeps their offices; the words “STOP DE-
STRUCTION NOW” emblazoned on
the building where lawyers and counsellors
- specialising in assisting foreigners - do
their business. The more inclusive ap-
proach this year shows a marked improve-
ment.
Where Hætta hópurinn shows real
promise, however, is in their potential for
adaptability. As Ms. Vilhjálmsdóttir says
in her interview, the group is looking not
only to inform people, but also to gener-
ate new ideas on bringing the Kárahn-
júkar dam project - and heavy industry
in Iceland in general - into discussion in
the halls of parliament again. What these
new ideas will bring remains to be seen,
but it’s certainly a far cry from 2005’s
Masonic ways. Last year, these offices
were informed of a meeting to be held by
a group of protestors, where ideas were to
be discussed. I offered to make it a news
story on our website, and was told not to;
rather, I was to personally tell “only people
I trusted and thought would be interested”
about the meeting. The reason? Fear of
police informants. Keeping the general
public out of the discussion, for the sake
of trying to avoid police surveillance, not
only defeats its own purpose (without
organising a broader base of support,
the movement remains vulnerable to the
harassment that police can show activ-
ists) - rejecting a truly open exchange of
ideas with the general public is anything
but democratic. Decisions made behind
closed doors are what cause debacles such
as Kárahnjúkar in the first place.
All of these examples stem from two
different schools of thought regard-
ing influencing government policy. On
the one hand, you have a small, closed
group that focuses on the singular goal of
“shutting it down.” This method avoids
such time-consuming tasks as welcoming,
talking to and exchanging ideas with the
general public, in order to achieve a series
of short-term goals, the hope being that
these actions will render a project unwor-
thy of the risk and the cost. This generally
works best at the very start of something
like the Kárahnjúkar dam project, as it
conveys an immediate message of unprof-
itability. But three years and millions of
dollars later, investors are a lot less likely
to walk away from this now. The amount
of energy required to make any lasting
difference at this point is probably more
than a small cell can bear. Apart from the
inefficacy of this approach at such a time,
there’s the question of how democratic an
exclusive movement is at any time. With-
out interaction with the general public, the
movement becomes insulated, unreachable
and disconnected. On the other hand,
a movement that bases itself on public
involvement is much more likely to garner
the support of the nation, satisfying both
the “idealist” notion of consensus and the
pragmatic standard of what actually works.
So 2006 has started well for the
environmentalist movement in Iceland.
They’ve regained the public’s attention,
and if Hætta hópurinn makes good on
their stated intentions, we might see some
big changes begin to take shape in Iceland.
Protesting
Kárahnjúkar:
Same ends, new means
a column by
Paul F. Nikolov