Jökull


Jökull - 01.12.1955, Síða 10

Jökull - 01.12.1955, Síða 10
In the present case the initial condition is h = h s that is, u = 0, and by putting p (0) = 0 we get simply Cj = 0 for all i. The initial perturbation o£ the stable form is therefore independent of x, which is a very simple result. The function u is thus obtained by the inte- gration of (28). Two cases will be treated here, that is, (1) the change of the height of the firn line by the constant g, and (2) the periodic change g = Ae where A is a constant. The solutions of (28) are: (1) g = consfarir. U“yf/-ea'j (33) (2) W The instability of the ice-sheet is clearly revea- led by these eqations. As these relations are obtained by the linea- rized equation (26) they holcl only as long as u is small compared to h, that is, they will not be true at the snout of the glacier. In order to get some numerical data we will turn to the conditions at the Vatnajökull, where the total ablation gradient is approximately 0.01 per year. The equation (33) shows that an increase in the height of the firn line by a constant amount will in approximately 70 years have lowered the ice-sheet by the same amount. On the other hand a climatic cycle of the amplitude 0.5 °C and having the total period of 200 years, starting with an increase in the height of tlie firn line, will after one total period have lowered the ice-sheet by 150 meters. The first approximation above leads naturally to a second step by the inserting of the u-values obtained into (25). This gives a new differen- tial equation which is again linearized and a second u computed. The response to climatic variations of large glaciers, as for instance the Vatnajökull, can theoretically be treatecl in the above manner, but the computational work will be very great and the practical aspects of this work will not be discussed in the present paper. LITERATURE: 1. Glen, J. W. Experiments on the deformation of ice. Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 2, No. 12, 1952, p. 111-114. 2. Nye, J. F. The mechanics of glacier flow. Journal of Glaciology Vol. 2, No. 12, 1952, p. 82-93. 3. Orvig, Svenn: The Glaciological studies of the Baffin Island Expedition 1950, Part 5: On the variation of the shear stress on the bed of an ice cap. Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 2. No. 14, 1953, p. 242-247. 4. Somigliana, C. Sulla profonditá dei ghiacc- ini. Atti della Reale Academia. Nationale dei Lincei, Rendiconti, Classe di Scienze fisiche, matematiche e naturali. Vol. 30, Serie 5, 1921. Ubersicht iiber die Eisrandlagen in Kringilsárrani von 1890-1955 von E. M. Todtmann, Hamburg Nachdem ich das westliche Vorfeld des Brúar- jökull zwischen Ivringilsá um Kverká seit 1950, das östliche Vorfeld, Maríutungur, seit 1953 kannte, untersuchte ich 1955 das Vorfeld Kringilsárrani, das umgrenzt wird von der Kringilsá, der Jökulsá á Brú mit ihrem Neben- fluss Ulakvisl und vom Eisrand. I’áll Hjarðar aus Hjarðarhagi im Jökulclal brachte uns mit dem Lastwagen, auf den wir ein kleines Boot geladen hatten, bis an die Kringilsá. Dicht siidlich der Endmoráne von 1890 setzten wir mit dem Boot úber den Fluss. Mit mir blieb Þorleifur Einarsson aus Reykja- vik. Student der Geologie in Erlangen. Das Sclirifttum gibt nur geringe Kenntnisse úber Kringilsárrani. Thoroddsen ist selber nicht dort gewesen, zu seiner Zeit lag der Eisrand noch an der Moráne von 1890. Th. Ivjerulf (nach Thoroddsen) beobachtete 1890 eine gewaltige Spalte im Gletscher súdwestlich vom Snæfell. Pálmi Hannesson, (nach Thorarinsson) be- suchte Kringilsárrani 1933. Er sah im Morán- eníelcl radial verlaufencle lange Rúcken, die er als Spaltenausfúllungen deutet, eine reiche Vege- tation uncl Anfánge von Palsen, (dysjar). 8

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