Jökull


Jökull - 01.01.2015, Page 52

Jökull - 01.01.2015, Page 52
J. Schuler et al., Stations CAM Stations IMO Uplift hypoDD VELEST Crater Zone of geothermal surface alteration Areas with sulphur deposits Areas of highly altered ground Wells and their tracks Faults Lava flows 1975−1984 Þeistareykir b) Borgarhraun lava flow BUNG GUDF K006 K008 KVIH GHA SKI GHS −17˚00' −16˚50' −16˚40' 65˚48' 65˚50' 65˚52' 65˚54' 0 0.5 km −16˚59' −16˚58' −16˚57' −16˚56' 65˚51' 65˚51.5' 65˚52' 65˚52.5' a) b) c) N VZ 0 1 2 3 km 0 4 8 12 16 20 D ep th b .s .l. [k m ] −17˚00' −16˚50' −16˚40' Fig. 2 Bæjarfjall mountain ÞG−1ÞG−2 1 2 3 Figure 1. a) Regional map showing part of the Þeistareykir (blue shaded) and northern Krafla (brown shaded) volcanic systems. Brown lines delineate their volcanic centers. Triangles mark seismic stations deployed over different acquisition periods during 2009–2012, circles show epicenters of manually picked earthquakes lo- cated using VELEST in simultaneous inversion mode (green) and hypoDD (red), purple diamond indicates the eruptive crater in the Borgarhraun lava field (Maclennan et al., 2003), and the cross inside a circle marks the Mogi surface location used to model and explain the 2007–2008 surface uplift (Metzger et al., 2011). The maximum probability solutions of the source moment tensor are displayed for three deep events that could be constrained reasonably well. b) Local map of the Þeistareykir geothermal field. The limits of altered rocks, sulphur deposits at the surface, wells and their tracks are from Ármannsson (2014). Wells ÞG-1 and ÞG-2 are near-vertical wells. Inset diagrams display example fault plane solutions, where the red and blue colors represent compressional and dilatational first motions, respectively. c) Depth plot of all earthquakes shown in (a). – a) Staðsetning færanlegra skjálftamæla (brúngulir þríhyrningar) og SIL skjálftamælistöðva (ljósbláir þríhyrningar) ásamt staðsettum jarðskjálftum 2009–2012 á Þeistareykjum (bláskyggt svæði) og í Gjástykki (brúnt svæði). Skjálftar staðsettir með VELEST forritinu eru grænir en afstæðar staðsetningar með hypoDD forritinu rauðar. Borgarhraun og Kröfluhraun eru dökkgrá og gígur Borgarhrauns merktur með lillabláum tígli. Miðja landriss áranna 2007–2008 samkvæmt GPS-mælingum (Metzger og fl., 2011) er merkt með rauðum krossi í hvítum hring. Innfelldu myndirnar sýna tektónískt kort af Íslandi og brotlausnir þriggja djúpra skjálfta á milli sprungusveimanna. Tvær þeirra (skjálfti 1 á 16-17 km og skjálfti 2 á 15 km dýpi) gefa til kynna rúm- málsbreytingar en sú þriðja (skjálfti á 9 km dýpi) sniðgengishreyfingu samsíða eða þvert á sprungusveiminn. b) Stækkuð mynd af upptakasvæðinu innan svarta rammans við Bæjarfjall, á mynd a). Yfirborðsjarðhiti, brenni- steinsútfellingar og ummyndun eru í bláum, gulum og bleikum litum (Ármannsson, 2014), borholur táknaðar með svörtum krossum og misgengi með lillabláum línum. Brotlausnir þriggja skjálfta gefa til kynna siggengi með sniðgengisþætti samsíða misgengjum sprungusveimsins. c) Dýptarþversnið af svæðinu. 52 JÖKULL No. 65, 2015
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