Læknablaðið : fylgirit - 03.01.2017, Page 11

X V I I I V Í S I N D A R Á Ð S T E F N A H Í
F Y L G I R I T 9 1
LÆKNAblaðið/Fylgirit 91 2017/103 11
Results: Compared to the non-exposed group, neonates of exposed
mothers were on average shorter (50.9 cm vs. 51.5 cm, p<0.01) and lighter
(3573.6 g vs. 3675.6 g, p<0.01), and had an increased risk of being born
preterm (RR 1.49 [95% CI 1.13, 1.97]). Adjusting for socio-economic status
reduced the RR of preterm birth to 1.30 [95% CI 0.98, 1.74]. Neonates in
the exposed group had an increased risk of being transferred to the ne-
onatal intensive care unit (RR 1.35 [95% CI 1.05, 1.73]). The risks of adverse
outcomes were overall larger among neonates of mothers who were ex-
posed to sexual violence as teenagers.
Conclusions: Offspring of mothers previously exposed to sexual violence
are at increased risks of preterm birth and some adverse neonatal
outcomes.
E 11 Diet and children with ADHD - a pilot intervention study focus-
ing on compliance and symptoms
Bryndís Eva Birgisdóttir1, Bertrand Lauth2,3, Ólöf G. Geirsdóttir1, Ingibjörg
Karlsdóttir3, Elínborg Hilmarsdóttir1, Freydís Hjálmarsdóttir, Sigurveig Þ.
Sigurðardóttir4, Þórhallur Halldórsson1, Inga Þórsdóttir1
1Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, 2Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 3Unit for
Nutrition Research at Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, 4Child and Adolescents Psychiat-
ric Department, 5Department of Immunology, Landspítali University hospital of Iceland
beb@hi.is
Background and Aim: The potential effect of food on Attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms has long been debated. The
aim was to investigate compliance to two diets of interest, the healthy
diet and the temporary few foods diet (few allergens), and evaluate their
effects on ADHD symptoms.
Methods: Participants were children who had been diagnosed with
ADHD at the two main psychiatric centers for children in Reykjavik,
with 29 children randomized into three groups: healthy diet (n=10), few
foods diet (n=10) and a control group (n=9). A three-day food diary and
questionnaires gave background information and symptoms. Compliance
checklists were designed for all five weeks. Full participation rate was
68%.
Results: Baseline diet was not in line with dietary recommendations.
Compliance to the diets was generally good (70-80%), although most
children found it hard to follow the few foods diet and some dropped out.
Using ADHD rating scale (ARS) the parents’ total score decreased simil-
arly on both diets (35-27), or by 25% (p<0.05). Teachers found no change
on ARS nor on Achenbach’s Teacher Rating Form after the healthy diet, but
significant improvement of symptoms were observed after the few foods
diet (p=.027). No change in the control group.
Conclusion: With good support, compliance was generally good. Parents
reported a decrease in symptoms on both diets, while teachers only
reported improvements on the few foods diet. Diet of children with
ADHD can be improved and nutritional status and food sensitivity
should be examined at diagnosis. However, further studies are needed.
E 12 Feeding practices and IgE sensitivity at age 6 years- results
from a longitudinal nutrition cohort
Birna Þórisdóttir1, Ingibjörg Gunnarsdóttir1,, Anna G. Viðarsdóttir2, Sigurveig Þ.
Sigurðardóttir2,3,4, Bryndís E. Birgisdóttir1, Inga Þórsdóttir5
1Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, 2Department of Immunology,
Landspitali University Hospital, 3Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 4The Allergy
Outpatient Department, Landspitali University Hospital, 5School of Health Sciences, University
of Iceland
bth50@hi.is
Introduction: Dietary factors may be important for food sensitization in
early life. Our aim was to study diet in infancy and at 6 years in children
IgE-sensitized to common food allergens and compare to their non-
-sensitized peers, using data from our national nutrition cohort born 2005.
Methods: Dietary data on the first 4 months of life was obtained using
food history. At ages 9 and 12 months and 6 years, 3-day weighed food
records were kept. At 6 years blood samples (n=144) were analyzed for
serum IgE to six foods. Children with IgE ≥0.35 kUA/L were considered
IgE-sensitized.
Results: Fourteen children (10%) were IgE-sensitized at 6 years. Their
background characteristics did not differ from their non-sensitized
peers, nor did the duration of exclusive or any breastfeeding. Compared
to non-sensitized children, IgE-sensitized children were more likely to
have received solid foods prior to age 4 months (57% vs. 23%, p=0.006),
consumed less Icelandic fresh milk follow-on formula at 12 months
(presented as median (25th; 75th percentile): 0 ml (0; 157) vs. 137 ml (0; 293),
p=0.043) and more regular cow’s milk 74 ml (23; 390) vs. 12 ml (0; 63),
p=0.002). At 6 years IgE-sensitized children were less likely to use vitamin
D supplements (23% vs. 56%, p=0.026).
Conclusion: Our results are in line with current recommendations of
delaying introduction of solids beyond the first 4 months of life and
using Icelandic fresh milk follow-on formula until at least age 1 year. Our
findings on vitamin D supplement merit further research.
E 13 Quest for clean and healthy air: children's summer stays on
farms in 20th century Iceland
Jónína Einarsdóttir, Geir Gunnlaugsson
Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Iceland
je@hi.is
Introduction: Throughout most of the 20th century it was a common pract-
ice in Iceland to send young urban children to stay on farms while out
of school during the summer, and considered good for their health and
wellbeing. The aim of the study is to estimate the prevalence of and the
experience from such stays among Icelandic adults.
Materials and methods: A stratified random sample of 2.000 adults was
taken from Registers Iceland, and interviewed through telephone in
December 2015.
Results: Mean age of 1295 (65%) respondents is 53.7 years (median 55,
range 18-98); 950 (73%) are positive towards the custom, older repondents
more favorable compared to younger ones (p=0.0001). Out of 529 (41%)
who had the experience, 297 were boys (56%) and 232 girls (44%). Most of
them said the custom was good (36%) or very good (46%). Mean number
of summer stays was 4.6 (median 4, range 1-12), and mean age at first
stay was 8.7 (median 9, range 0-17). In the first summer stay, the children
stayed with family members (52%), family friends (21%) or others outside
the family (27%). About 1/3 had worked a lot (14%) or rather much (22%);
252 (48%) had driven a tractor.
Conclusions: Despite children were sent young to stay yearly away from
home during summer, and often with non-kin, Icelanders tend to look
favourably on the 20th century custom to send young children to stay
on farms during the summer. This applies in particular to those who ex-
perienced the custom themselves.