Læknablaðið : fylgirit - 03.01.2017, Blaðsíða 54

X V I I I V Í S I N D A R Á Ð S T E F N A H Í
F Y L G I R I T 9 1
54 LÆKNAblaðið/Fylgirit 91 2017/103
composition of protolichesterinic acid analogues. Phylogeny based on
four fungal gene regions supports the presence of two races of Cetraria
islandica in Iceland: one is FA-containing and distributed in oceanic
area, while the other is chemical variable (both FA-containing and FA-
deficient) and mostly located in central and northern Iceland.
Conclusions: The current research could contribute to the taxonomy
and herbal standardization of Iceland Moss products.
E 158 Effects of Exopolysaccharides from Cyanobacterium
aponinum obtained from the Blue Lagoon on stimulated T cells
Ása B. Guðmundsdóttir1, Ása Brynjólfsdóttir2, Elín S. Ólafsdóttir3, Ingibjörg
Harðardóttir4, Jóna Freysdóttir1
1Dept of immunology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland / University of
Iceland, 2Blue Lagoon, 3Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, 4Biohemistry
and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland
abg3@hi.is
Introduction: Regular bathing in the Blue Lagoon has beneficial effects
on psoriasis. Cyanobacterium aponinum is dominating in the Blue Lagoon’s
microbial ecosystem. We previously showed that exopolysaccharides
from C. aponinum (EPS-Ca) increased IL-10 secretion by human monocyte-
-derived dendritic cells. Furthermore, co-culturing allogeneic CD4+ T cells
with dendritic cells matured in the presence of EPS-Ca led to reduced
frequency of IL-17+RORγt+ T cells and tendency to increased frequency of
IL-10+FoxP3+ T cells. The objective of the present study was to determine
the effects of the EPS-Ca on stimulated T cells.
Materials and methods: Human naive CD4+ T cells were isolated from
PBMCs and stimulated with anti-CD3ε and anti-CD28 for 74 h with
EPS-Ca being present for the last 24 h. Cytokine concentration in the
supernatants was measured by ELISA and expression of surface mo-
lecules by flow cytometry.
Results: CD4+ T cells stimulated in the presence of EPS-Ca secreted less IL-
10, IL-13 and IL-17 than CD4+ T cells stimulated in the absence of EPS-Ca.
However, EPS-Ca did not affect their secretion of IFN-⩾. EPS-Ca decrea-
sed the proportion of CD4+ T cells expressing CD69.
Conclusions: These results demonstrate that EPS-Ca decreases T cell
cytokine secretion. The decrease in the proportion of T cells expressing
CD69 when incubated with EPS-Ca may indicate that EPS-Ca can decr-
ease the number of T cells that remain in the skin, as CD69 has been
indicated to act as a retention signal for T cells. Decreased T cell retention
in the skin would be beneficial in psoriasis.
E 159 Marine sponges as a prolific source of novel compounds
Margarida Costa1,2, Sesselja Ómarsdóttir1, Librada Cañedo3, Margrét
Þorsteinsdóttir1,2
1Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland 2ArcticMass,
Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavík 3Medicinal Chemistry Department, PharmaMar S.A., Colmenar
Viejo (Madrid), Spain
costa.anamarg@gmail.com
Introduction: During the last decades, there has been a growing interest
on the ocean as a source of bioactive compounds for drug discovery.
Due to underwater high selective conditions, the organisms develop and
produce a plurality of secondary metabolites with different chemical
structures and bioactivities. Sponges, together with sponge-associated
microorganisms, appear as the most prolific source of marine natural
compounds with potential pharmaceutical applications.
Methods: Different sponge specimens and sponge-isolated actinomycetes
were submitted to chemical dissection to obtain a crude extract. The crude
extracts were further separated, resorting to chromatographic methods
chosen according to the chemical properties of the extracts, in order to
obtain pure and separated compounds. The compounds were elucidated
using several spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. Cytotoxicity
against cancer cell lines was tested in the isolated compounds.
Results: Several compounds were already isolated. They represent
different chemical classes, with different properties and complexities,
going from simple quinone and alkaloid structures, to big macrolides
or macrolactams. Despite of the majority of the isolated compounds
being known, we were successful in the novelty achievement, isolating
compounds with structures that are not described in the literature. Also,
the bioactivities are variable according to the compound.
Conclusions: Marine sponges are, indeed, a prolific source for the is-
olation of new natural compounds. Our studies allowed us to have an idea
about how diverse are, in chemical and bioactive properties, the produced
compounds. Those compounds can play, in the future, an important role
in drug development.
E 160 Áhrif tekjuójöfnuðar á andlega heilsu unglinga
Arndís Vilhjálmsdóttir
Sálfræðideild, Háskóli Íslands
arv5@hi.is
Inngangur: Samkvæmt kenningunni um áhrif tekjuójöfnuðar á andlega
heilsu er mikill tekjumunur innan hverfa skaðlegur andlegri heilsu íbúa
vegna þess að hann dregur úr félagsauði innan hverfasamfélaga. Nokkur
skortur er á rannsóknum þar sem þessi tengsl eru prófuð, sérstaklega
meðal unglinga. Það kemur nokkuð á óvart þar sem hnignun í andlegri
heilsu yngra fólks á Vesturlöndum hefur verið eignuð tekjuójöfnuði og
breytingum á félagslegum eiginleikum vestrænna samfélaga á undan-
förnum áratugum, og þá sérstaklega minni samheldni og samfélagslegrar
þátttöku. Það er því markmið þessarar rannsóknar að prófa hvort skýra
megi tengsl tekjuójöfnuðar í hverfum við andlega heilsu unglinga með
hnignun félagsauðs.
Efniviður og aðferðir: Rannsóknin byggði á þrepaskiptum gögnum frá
Hagstofu Íslands og 102 íslenskum skólum og 5958 nemendum þeirra í
9. og 10.bekk. Prófað var hvort félagsauðsvísar eins og félagslegt traust
og félagsleg tengsl miðli hverfaáhrifum tekjuójafnaðar á þunglyndis- og
kvíðaeinkenni unglinga.
Niðurstöður: Niðurstöðurnar bentu til þess að tekjuójöfnuður hafi nei-
kvæð áhrif á andlega heilsu unglinga umfram tekjustöðu heimilis þeirra
og hverfis. Aftur á móti fannst ekki stuðningur við þá tilgátu að félagsauð-
ur miðli þessum áhrifum.
Ályktanir: Þótt niðurstöður bendi til þess að munur sé milli hverfa í and-
legri heilsu unglinga og að þennan mun megi að einhverju leyti rekja til
hverfaáhrifa tekjuójöfnuðar, er nauðsynlegt að leita annarra sálfélagslegra
skýringa á því hvers vegna þessi áhrif eru til staðar.