Jökull - 01.12.1988, Blaðsíða 50

100
80
60
-40
-20
0
- 10
-20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Fig. 7. In many municipalities waste of water and
leakage may exceed the actual consumption.
Mynd 7. Leki í kerfum og sóun á vatni eru víða
meiri samanlagt en hin raunverulega vatnsnotkun.
Explanation / Skýringar:
A Water extraction, domestic use per 1,000 peo-
ple in 1/s / Vatnstaka til heimilisnotkunar 1000
manna þorps í l/s.
B Water extraction, fish industry. One factory,
cooling water included, in 1/s. / Vatnstaka til
frystihúss, að meðtöldu kœlivatni, í l/s.
C Water extraction, fish farm. One typical
hatchery, in 1/s. / Vatnstaka til dæmigerðrar
seiðaeldisstöðvar í lls.
substantially in the decades since World War II. In
some places this need was quite difficult to fulfill.
It is estimated that for every ton of frozen fish
produced one needs at least 25 tons of water
(.Ingimarsson and Þóroddsson, 1976). For the pro-
duction of frozen fish in the period 1981-85 this
Range of con-
sumption, [1/s].
Minimum and
maximum shown.
B
Leak-
Leak
Range of waste
(minimum and
maximum shown)
and leak, [1/s].
Leak
Fig. 8. Urban population in Iceland (x) and popula-
tion in the southwest peninsula (•) as a % of the
total population in Iceland.
Mynd 8. Hundraðshluti íbúa í bœjum (x) og á
suðvestur-horninu (•) miðað við heildaríbúafjölda á
Islandi.
means an annual share of 4 % of the flow through
the water works. The actual demand from time to
time is very variable, as the fishing is seasonal.
Through the years the provision of good quality
water to the fish freezing industry has been prob-
lematic indeed in many places. In 1960/62 the bac-
teriological quality of the water for this industry was
investigated, and the results were so poor that in the
following years the water was chlorinated in the fac-
tories (Hannesson, 1967). Only 38 % of the samples
collected at that time were considered as being of
good quality and half of the total were of bad quality
indeed.
Fish farming — The production of salmon smolts is
a new occupation in Iceland. The smolts are pro-
duced for ocean ranching, or for the rearing of sal-
mon in coastal tanks or ponds and lagoonal or near-
coast sea cages. Fish farming underwent an explo-
sive development from the late seventies, and this
growth is still going on.
The hatching stations are highly competitive pri-
marily because of the possiblities of getting rela-
tively cheap geothermal power together with abun-
dant clean groundwater in certain places, as
described above. The water is only used once, as its
treatment for recirculation is considered to be too
48 JÖKULL, No. 38, 1988