Archaeologia Islandica - 01.01.2005, Síða 92

Archaeologia Islandica - 01.01.2005, Síða 92
Garðar Guðmundsson, Gavin Lucas, Hildur Gestsdóttir and Sigríður Þorgeirsdóttir planks were joined with wrought iron nails. The base plank had three pairs of holes along each side, for rope handles; fragments of rope handle were retrieved and were similar to those in burial 7.2. Inside, and cushioned with heather, was an articulated adult skeleton. Although most elements were represented, there was extreme flaking of all the bones as well as probable vivianite formation under the cortical bone. There was also severe post mortem warping of some of the bones, in particular the facial bones and the metacarpals and metatarsals. Sexually diagnostic characteris- tics on the skull indicate that this was a female. Cranial suture closure indicates that the age at death was 39±9 years. However, dental wear, and the fact that the mandibular M3's have only partially erupted indicates that the age at death was 18-25, which is a more accurate assessment. Both tibiae could be meas- ured, and so stature was estimated at approximately 164 cm. Both mandible and maxilla were present. No teeth had been lost ante mortem, but thirteen teeth had enamel hypoplasia. In most cases the hypoplasia was linear, although in one case it was pitted and iij three it was both. One tooth, the mandibular right M1 had a large caries, affecting the entire tooth. Twenty-fíve of the teeth present had grade slight to severe calculus. Unassociated Remains Forty-four disarticulated human bone or human bone fragments were recovered from test pit 8. These bones represented a minimum number of two individuals, based on two C1 vertebrae, and two right and left os coxae, and included at least one female aged 35-45 and one probable female aged 25-35. The sexing was based on sexually diagnostic characteris- tics of the cranium and the os coxae. The ageing was based on changes to the auricular surface. Pathological changes were noted on the complete C1 vertebra, with slight porosity of the inferior body and right inferior process and ebumation of the right inferior process. These changes indicate osteoarthritis. Test Pit 10 TPIO held 4 graves with variously pre- served coffins (Fig.8), only two of which were excavated and then only halfway, as they continued too deep into the section. The westemmost burial (10.2) was also sealed beneath a later wooden vault, which lay between test pits 10 and 11. Burial 10.2 The coffín was too poorly preserved to retrieve, but was of plank constmction using wrought iron nails. The skeleton was a very poorly preserved partially articulated skeleton. All that remained were fragments of the right femur and both tibiae and in all cases most of the cortical bone had flaked off. No features which could be used to diagnose sex or age had been preserved, although these bones clearly belong to an adult. Burial 10.3 This was a very badly disturbed, large coffín, of plank constmction but in too poor condition to retrieve. Associated were mainly skull fragments. No features which could be used to diagnose sex or age were preserved, although these bones clearly belong to an adult. 90
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Archaeologia Islandica

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