Læknablaðið - jan. 2020, Blaðsíða 26
26 LÆKNAblaðið 2020/106
Y F I R L I T
1. Reglugerð um menntun, réttindi og skyldur lækna
og skilyrði til að hljóta almennt lækningaleyfi og
sérfræðileyfi. Velferðarráðuneytið, Reykjavík 2015.
reglugerd.is/reglugerdir/eftir-raduneytum/velferdarradu-
neyti/nr/19626 - júní 2019.
2. Marden PM, Smith DW, McDonald MJ. Congenital
anomalies in the newborn infant, including minor varia-
tions. A study of 4,412 babies by surface examination for
anomalies and buccal smear for sex chromatin. J Pediatr
1964; 64: 357.
3. Kamel H, Roman MJ, Pitcher A, Devereux RB. Pregnancy
and the Risk of Aortic Dissection or Rupture: A Cohort-
Crossover Analysis. Circulation 2016; 134: 527.
4. Birgisdóttir H. Mæðradauði á Íslandi 1985-2009. Háskóli
Íslands, Reykjavík 2011.
5. Birgisdottir H, Bjarnadottir RI, Kristjansdottir K, Geirsson
RT. Maternal deaths in Iceland over 25 years. Acta Obstet
Gynecol Scand 2016; 95: 74-8.
6. Snædal G. Maternal deaths in Iceland 1911-1975. Acta
Obstet Gynecol Scand 1977; 56: 319-21.
7. Meðgönguvernd heilbrigðra kvenna í eðlilegri meðgöngu.
Klínískar leiðbeiningar. Landlæknisembættið 2008. land-
laeknir.is/servlet/file/store93/item2548/4407.pdf - júní
2019.
8. Rauðir hundar (Rubella). Embætti landlæknis 2019. land-
laeknir.is/smit-og-sottvarnir/smitsjukdomar/sjukdomur/
item13099/Raudir-hundar-(Rubella) - maí 2019.
9. Hughes BL, Page CM, Kuller JA. Hepatitis C in pregnan-
cy: screening, treatment, and management. Am J Obstet
Gynecol. 217 ;2017: B-2B12.
10. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. HCV
in Pregnancy. hcvguidelines.org/unique- populations/
pregnancy - nóvember 2019.
11. Group B Steptococcal Disease, Early-onset (Green-top
Guideline No. 36). Royal College of Obstetricians &
Gynaecologists 2017. rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-
services/guidelines/gtg36/ - júní 2019.
12. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
ACOG Committee Opinion. Numer 782. 2019. acog.org/-/
media/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-
Practice/co782.pdf?dmc=1&ts=20191210T1848024128 –
júní 2019.
13. Hjartardóttir H, Vernharðsdóttir AS. Útgefið gæðaskjal
Landspítala; Verklagsregla Skjalnúmer. Landspítali 2018.
14. Nicolaides KH. Screening for fetal aneuploidies at 11 to 13
weeks. Review. Prenat Diagn 2011; 31: 7-15.
15. Fósturskimun á meðgöngu. Dreifibréf nr. 9/2006. Land-
læknir. landlaeknir.is/gaedi-og-eftirlit/heilbrigdisstarfs-
folk/dreifibref/nanar/item15335/Dreifibref-nr--9/2006--
Fosturskimun-a-medgongu - júní 2019.
16. Spencer, K, Souter V, Tul, N, Snijders, R, Nicolaides KH.
A screening program for trisomy 21 at 10–14 weeks using
fetal nuchal translucency, maternal serum free β-human
chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma
protein-A. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1999; 13: 231-7.
17. Embætti landlæknis, kvenna- og barnasvið Landspítala.
Skýrsla frá fæðingaskráningunni fyrir árið 2016. 2018
landspitali.is/default.aspx?pageid=8e5ee741-37cc-48a0-
ae95-e25619d05eb3
18. Wald NJ, Rudnicka AR, Bestwick JP. Sequential and con-
tingent prenatal screening for Down syndrome. Prenat
Diagn 2006; 26: 769-77.
19. Zhang H, Gao Y, Jiang F, Fu M, Yuan Y, Guo Y, et al.
Non-invasive prenatal testing for trisomies 21, 18 and 13:
clinical experience from 146.958 pregnancies. Ultrasound
Obstet Gynecol 2015; 45: 530-8.
20. Gregg AR, Skotko BD, Benkendorf JL, Monaghan KG,
Bajaj K, Best RG, et al. Noninvasive prenatal screening
for fetal aneuploidy, 2016 update: a position statement of
the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics.
Genet Med 2016; 18: 1056-65.
21. Norton ME, Jacobsson B, Swamy GK, Laurent LC, Ranzini
AC, Brar H, et al. Cell-free DNA analysis for noninvasive
examination of trisomy. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372: 1589-97.
22. ISUOG statement. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 44:
122-3.
23. Ashoor G, SyngelakiI A, Poon LCY, Rezende JC,
Nicolaides KH. Fetal fraction in maternal plasma cell-free
DNA at 11–13 weeks’ gestation: relation to maternal and
fetal characteristics. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013; 41:
26-32.
24. Geirsson RT. Ómskoðun við 18-20 vikur. Læknablaðið
2001; 87: 403-7.
25. Saari-Kemppainen A, Karjalainen O, Ylöstalo P, Heinonen
OP. Ultrasound screening and perinatal mortality:
controlled trial of systematic one-stage screening in preg-
nancy. The Helsinki Ultrasound Trial. Lancet 1990; 336:
387-91.
26. Hauksdóttir R, Þórkelsson Þ, Pálsson G, Bjarnadóttir RI.
Burðarmálsdauði á Íslandi 1988-2017. Læknablaðið 2018;
104: 341-6.
27. Wapner RJ, Martin CL, Levy B, Ballif BC, Eng CM,
Zachary JM, et al. Chromosomal microarray versus karyo-
typing for prenatal diagnosis N Engl J Med 2012; 367:
2175-84.
28. International Society for Prenatal Diagnosis; Society
for Maternal and Fetal Medicine; Perinatal Quality
Foundation. Joint Position Statement from the
International Society of Prenatal Diagnosis (ISPD), the
Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine (SMFM) and the
Perinatal Quality Foundation (PQF) on the use of genome-
wide sequencing for fetal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2018: 38:
6-9.
29. Jóhannsson JH. Litningarannsóknir til fósturgreiningar.
Læknablaðið 2001; 87: 451-3.
30. Haraldsdóttir KR, Gottfreðsdóttir H, Geirsson RT.
Fósturlát í kjölfar legvatnsástungu og fylgjusýnitöku á
Íslandi. Læknablaðið 2014; 100: 147-51.
31. Holland BJ, Myers JA, Woods CR Jr. Prenatal diagnosis of
critical congenital heart disease reduces risk of death from
cardiovascular compromise prior to planned neonatal car-
diac surgery: a meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol
2015; 45: 631.
32. Hellman-Erlingsson S. Greining blóðflokkamótefna hjá
vanfærum konum og mæðrum á Íslandi 1970-1984.
Læknablaðið 1986; 72: 321-9.
33. Chavez GF, Mulinare J, Edmonds LD. Epidemiology of
Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn in the United States.
JAMA 1991; 265: 3270-4.
34. Mari G, Deter RL, Carpenter RL, Rahman F, Zimmerman
R, Moise KJ Jr, et al. Noninvasive diagnosis by Doppler
ultrasonography of fetal anemia due to maternal red-
cell alloimmunization. Collaborative Group for Doppler
Assessment of the Blood Velocity in Anemic Fetuses. N
Engl J Med. 2000; 342: 9-14.
35. NICE. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.
Routine antenatal ante-D prophylaxis for women who are
rhesus D negative. Technology appraisal guidance. 2008.
nice.org.uk/guidance/ta156 - júní 2019.
36. Tiblad E, Taune Wikman A, Ajne G, Blanck A, Jansson
Y, Karlsson A, et al. Targeted routine antenatal anti-D
prophylaxis in the prevention of RhD immunisation-
-outcome of a new antenatal screening and prevention
program. PLoS One 2013; 8: e70984.
37. Clausen FB, Christiansen M, Steffensen R, Jorgensen S,
Nielsen C, Jakobsen MA, et al. Report of the first nationa-
lly implemented clinical routine screening for fetal RHD
in D- pregnant women to ascertain the requirement for
antenatal RhD prophylaxis. Transfusion 2012; 52: 752-8.
38. Haimila K, Sulin K, Kuosmanen M, Sareneva I, Korhonen
A, Natunen S, et al. Targeted antenatal anti-D prophylaxis
program for RhD-negative pregnant women - outcome of
the first two years of a national program in Finland. Acta
Obstet Gynecol Scand 2017; 96: 1228-33.
39. Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Simpson LL. Twin-
twin transfusion syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013;
208: 3-18.
40. Lewi L, Schoubroeck D, Gratacós E, Witters I, Timmerman
D, Deprest J. Monochorionic diamniotic twins:
complications and management options. Curr Opin
Obstet Gynecol 2003; 15: 177-94.
41. Townsend R, Khalil A. Ultrasound screening for
complications in twin pregnancy. Semin Fetal Neonatal
Med 2018; 23: 133.
42. Couck I, Lewi L. The Placenta in Twin-to-Twin
Transfusion Syndrome and Twin Anemia Polycythemia
Sequence. Twin Res Hum Genet 2016; 19: 184-90.
43. Khalil A, Cooper E, Townsend R, Thilaganathan B.
Evolution of Stage 1 Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome
(TTTS): Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Twin Res
Hum Genet 2016; 19: 207-16.
44. McGivern MR, Best KE, Rankin J, Wellesley D, Greenlees
R, Addor MC, et.al. Epidemiology of congenital diaphrag-
matic hernia in Europe: a register-based study. Arch Dis
Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2015; 100: F137.
45. Zalla JM, Stoddard GJ, Yoder BA. Improved mortality rate
for congenital diaphragmatic hernia in the modern era of
management: 15 year experience in a single institution. J
Pediatr Surg 2015; 50: 524-7.
46. Burgos CM, Frenckner B. Addressing the hidden mortality
in CDH: A population-based study. J Pediatr Surg 2017;
52: 522.
47. Thorkelsson, T, Sigfússon G. Neonatal lung diseases.
(eds.) Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 249. Springer
Verlag, London 2014.
48. Deprest J, Gratacos E, Nicolaides KH, FETO Task Group.
Fetoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) for severe congen-
ital diaphragmatic hernia: evolution of a technique and
preliminary results. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2004; 24:
121.
49. Deprest J, Brady P, Nicolaides K, Benachi A, Berg C,
Vermeesch J, et al. Prenatal management of the fetus with
isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia in the era of the
TOTAL trial. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 19: 338-48.
50. Wilson JM, DiFiore JW, Peters CA. Experimental fetal
tracheal ligation prevents the pulmonary hypoplasia
associated with fetal nephrectomy: possible application
for congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 1993;
28: 1433.
51. Jani JC, Nicolaides KH, Gratacós E, Valencia CM, DonéE,
Martinez JM, et al. Severe diaphragmatic hernia treated
by fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion. Ultrasound Obstet
Gynecol 2009; 34: 304-10.
52. Kashyap A, DeKoninck P, Crossley K, Thio M, Polglase G,
Russo FM, et al. Antenatal Medical Therapies to Improve
Lung Development in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.
Am J Perinatol 2018; 35: 823.
53. Chervenak FA, McCullough L, Mercurio M. Moral
philosophy in perinatalology: A collaborative model for
perinatal ethics. Sem Perinatol; 2016; 40: 213-5.
54. Nordic Network of Fetal Medicine. nnfm.org - júní 2019.
55. Lov om humanmedisinsk bruk av bioteknologi m.m.
(bioteknologiloven). 2018. lovdata.no/dokument/NL/
lov/2003-12-05-100 - júní 2019.
56. Sitras V; Steering Committee Group of the Nordic
Network of Fetal Medicine (NNFM). Towards a new era
in fetal medicine in the Nordic countries. Acta Obstet
Gynecol Scand 2016; 95: 845-9.
57. Nordic Fetal Therapy Alliance. nnfm.org/nordfetal/ - júní
2019.
Heimildir
Barst til blaðsins 14. maí 2019, samþykkt til birtingar 8. október 2019.