Læknaneminn


Læknaneminn - 01.04.2007, Qupperneq 140

Læknaneminn - 01.04.2007, Qupperneq 140
Verkefni 3. árs læknanema smitleiðum kynsjúkdóma jókst. Nemendur vilja frekar að sá sem sér um fræðsluna sé þeim ókunnugur. Þeir virðast jafnframt vera ánægðir með fræðslu læknanema því fleiri vilja að læknanemar sjái um kynfræðsluna eftir hana en fyrir. Lykilorð: Kynfræðsla, unglingar, getnaðarvarnir, kynsjúkdómar. lnterleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Sigurður James Þorleifsson x, Bryndís Benediktsdóttir \ Þórarinn Gíslason , and ísleifur Ólafsson3 ^Læknadeild Háskóla íslands,2 Lungnadeild Landspítalans, and 3 Rannsóknastofa Landspítalans Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease state characterized by an accelerated decline in lung function and progressive lower airway and systemic inflammation. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proin- flammatory cytokine involved in a wide variety of biologic- al functions. Studies have shown that IL-6 is related to many diseases. Objective: To evaluate the association between COPD and IL-6 in randomly selected sample of the Icelandic pop- ulation and simultaneously to correlate for gender, age, smoking, and body weight. Methods: This study was based on 1000 randomly selected men and women 40 years and older living in Reykjavík and suburbs who where investigated in an international study on the burden of obstructive lung disease www.kpchr.org/boldcopd. In addition their IL-6 values were measured. Results: There was altogether 80.8% participation, 403 males and 355 females, mean age was 57.7 (±12.7) years. Altogether 130 individuals (17.2%) fullfilled intern- ational criteria for COPD based on postdilator spirometry. In addition there were 120 individuals (15.6%) reporting chronic respiratory symptoms. IL-6 measurements were subsequently divided into 4 equally large groups (<1.51, 1.51-2.82, 2.82-4.69 and >4.69 pg/mL). High IL-6 values were significantly associated with increasing age, body weight but not with smoking or gender. Individuals with lowered spirometric values had significantly higher levels only in the highest quartile of IL-6. This was still significant after adjustment for smoking, gender, age, and body weight. Conclusions: In an epidemiological sample of 1000 individuals, COPD was found in 17.2% of the sample. IL-6 was significantly related to increasing age and body weight but not to smoking or gender. Only the highest quartile of IL-6 was significantly related to lower spirometric values. Blóðfitulækkandi áhrif ACTH: Rannsókn á skammtabili Sigurveig Þórisdóttir1, Margrét Árnadóttir2, Magnús Jóhannsson3, Elín Ólafsdóttir4 ^Læknadeild Háskóla íslands, 2Lyflækningadeild Landspítali Háskólasjúkrahús, 3Rannsóknastofa í lyfja-og eiturefnafræði Hjartaverndar Háskóli íslands, 4Rannsóknastofa Inngangur: Fyrri rannsóknir hafa sýnt að skammtímameðferð með stýrihormóni nýrnahettubarkar (ACTH) í lyfjafræðilegum skömmtum lækkar þéttni LDL kólesteróls og apólípópróteins B umtalsvert í sermi. Sýnt hefur verið fram á samband milli blóðfitulækkunar og skammtastærðar ACTH. Markmið þessarar rannsóknar var að finna heppilegt bil á milli skammta. Efniviður og aðferðir: Þátttakendur voru 40 heilsuhraustir, karlkyns háskólanemar. Þeim var slembiraðað í fimm hópa: einn fékk NaCI (0,9%, lml) innspýtingar (viðmiðunarhópur) en hinir fengu Synacthen Depot (ACTHj 24, lmg/ml) í vöðva ýmist hvern dag, annan hvern dag, þriðja hvern dag eða fjórða hvern dag. Meðferðin var gefin í viku. Blóðsýni voru tekin eftir fyrirfram ákveðnu skipulagi og LDL kólesteról og apólípóprótein B mæld beint úr sermi. Niðurstöður: Engarbreytingarurðuhjásaltvatnshópnum en marktæk lækkun sást á LDL kólesteróli í öllum ACTH hópunum tveimur dögum eftir síðustu gjöf (ACTH á hverjum degi: 39,1%; annan hvern dag: 31,2%; þriðja hvern dag: 13,6%; fjórða hvern dag: 19,3%). Lækkun apólípópróteins B var hlutfallslega minni og ekki marktæk í öllum tilvikum en fylgdi svipuðu mynstri. Þeir hópar sem fengu ACTH á hverjum degi og annan hvern dag höfðu stöðug blóðfitugildi í lok meðferðar. í þeim hópum komu fram uppsöfnuð áhrif sem sáust ekki hjá þeim sem fengu lyfið sjaldnar. Vökvasöfnun var helsta aukaverkunin og var hún skammtabundin. Ályktanir: Svo virðist sem gefa þurfi ACTH ekki sjaldnar en annan hvern dag til að fá verulega og stöðuga blóðfitulækkun. í þeim skömmtum eru aukaverkanir talsverðar. Bein einangrun á lengdarbreytileika í umritunarmengjum Sólveig Kristín Guðnadóttir1, Bjarki Guðmundsson2, Guðmundur H. Gunnarsson2'3, Hans G. Þormar2'3 og Jón Jóhannes Jónsson3'4 ^Læknadeild Háskóla íslands, 2Lífeind ehf., 3Lífefna- og sameindalíffræðistofa læknadeildar Háskóla íslands, 4Erfða- og sameindalæknisfræðideild LSH 7 40 Læknaneminn 2007
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