Fróðskaparrit - 01.01.1987, Page 87

Fróðskaparrit - 01.01.1987, Page 87
The Ecology of Some Marine and Maritime Lichens on Rocky Shores of the Faroe Islands Anna Maria Fosaa 1. Introduction This work was undertaken by the present author in May 1986 during a survey of the lichens of the Faroe Islands, in connection with her thesis. The lichen vegetation of the Faroe Is- lands has previously been studied only on a few occasions. The most well known of these are Lindsay (1867), Deichmann Branth (1901), Townrow (1960), Degelius (1966), Hansen (1968), and Hansen and Fosaa (1985). Biologists working with the vegetation on the seashore have been aware of the phenomenon, that the lichens are growing in belts of different colour. These belts show the lichen zonation across the sea- shore. Lewis (1964) and Fletcher (1973) based their seashore zonation studies of the organisms on the seashores. Biologists from the beginning of this century based their studies on low and high tide, but later other discovered that the theoretical bor- ders were not similar to those observed, since it is not only the tide that had influ- ence on the zonation but also other physi- cal factors. The composition of the popula- tions on one shore is often different from the composition of the populations on another shore at the same level. Lewis (1964) and Fletcher (1973) classi- fied the shore as follows: -(1) the littorial zone, that is the most marine influ- enced.—(2) the supralittorale zone, which is rarely submerged by the seawater and is separated in three parts: one mesic-supra- littorial zone nearest to the sea, one sub- mesic supralittorial, and one xeric supra- littorial zone farthest off water,—(3) the terrestial region containing halophilic species, that are species which tolerate the seawater and species which do not tolerate the seawater, respectively. The survey below is a combination of the system of Fletcher (1973) and Lewis (1964). The terms used by Lewis are identified by an asterisk. Fletcher (1973) used by the species listed as an indicator for the zones. In this paper it will be discussed, whether this classification system applies to the sea- Fróðskaparrit 34.-35. bók (1986-87): 91-106
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