Læknablaðið

Volume

Læknablaðið - 15.09.2009, Page 41

Læknablaðið - 15.09.2009, Page 41
F RÆÐIGREINAR Y F I R L I T 30. Villar LM, Garcia-Barragan N, Sadaba MC, et al. Accuracy of CSF and MRI criteria for dissemination in space in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2008; 2: 34-7. 31. Confavreux C, Hutchinson M, Hours MM, Cortinovis- Tourniaire P, Moreau T. Rate of pregnancy-related relapse in multiple sclerosis. Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis Group. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 285-91. 32. Rolak LA, Fleming JO. The differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Neurologist 2007; 13: 57-72. 33. Boster A, Caon C, Perumal J, et al. Failure to develop multiple sclerosis in patients with neurologic symptoms without objective evidence. Mult Scler 2008; 14: 804-8. 34. Offenbacher H, Fazekas F, Schmidt R, et al. Assessment of MRI criteria for a diagnosis of MS. Neurology 1993; 43: 905- 9. 35. Lindsay KW, Bone I. Neurology and neurosurgery illustrated: Churchill livingsteone; 2004. 36. Bitsch A, Kuhlmann T, Stadelmann C, Lassmann H, Lucchinetti C, Bruck W. A longitudinal MRI study of histopathologically defined hypointense multiple sclerosis lesions. Ann Neurol 2001; 49: 793-6. 37. Siva A. The spectrum of multiple sclerosis and treatment decisions. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2006; 108: 333-8. 38. Lebrun C, Bensa C, Debouverie M, et al. Unexpected multiple sclerosis: follow-up of 30 patients with magnetic resonance imaging and clinical conversion profile. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008; 79:195-8. 39. Andersson M, Alvarez-Cermeno J, Bemardi G, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a consensus report. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994; 57: 897-902. 40. Masjuan J, Alvarez-Cermeno JC, Garcia-Barragan N, et al. Clinically isolated syndromes: a new oligoclonal band test accurately predicts conversion to MS. Neurology 2006; 66: 576-8. 41. Wolinsky JS. The PROMiSe trial: baseline data review and progress report. Mult Scler 2004; 10 Suppl 1:S65-71; discussion S71-2. 42. Confavreux C, Vukusic S. Natural history of multiple sclerosis: implications for counselling and therapy. Curr Opin Neurol 2002; 15: 257-66. 43. Wolinsky JS. The diagnosis of primary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2003; 206:145-52. 44. Poser CM, Paty DW, Scheinberg L, et al. New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines for research protocols. Ann Neurol 1983; 13: 227-31. 45. Pittock SJ, Mayr WT, McClelland RL, et al. Change in MS- related disability in a population-based cohort: a 10-year follow-up study. Neurology 2004; 62: 51-9. 46. Ropper AH, Brown RH. Multiple Sclerosis and Allied Demyelinative Diseases. In: Victor M, Ropper A, editors. Adams & Victors' Principles of Neurology, 8th Edition: McGraw-Hill; 2005. 47. www.nice.org.uk. 48. Sellebjerg F, Bames D, Filippini G, et al. EFNS guideline on treatment of multiple sclerosis relapses: report of an EFNS task force on treatment of multiple sclerosis relapses. Eur J Neurol 2005; 12: 939-46. 49. Jacobs LD, Cookfair DL, Rudick RA, et al. Intramuscular interferon beta-la for disease progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis. The Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group (MSCRG). Ann Neurol 1996; 39: 285-94. 50. Placebo-controlled multicentre randomised trial of interferon beta-lb in treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. European Study Group on interferon beta-lb in secondary progressive MS. Lancet 1998; 352:1491-7. 51. Jacobs LD, Beck RW, Simon JH, et al. Intramuscular interferon beta-la therapy initiated during a first demyelinating event in multiple sclerosis. CHAMPS Study Group. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 898-904. 52. Johnson KP, Brooks BR, Cohen JA, et al. Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of a phase III multicenter, double- blind placebo-controlled trial. The Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Neurology 1995; 45:1268-76. 53. Efficacy and toxicity of cyclosporine in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo- controlled clinical trial. The Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Ann Neurol 1990; 27: 591-605. 54. Goodkin DE, Rudick RA, VanderBrug Medendorp S, et al. Low-dose (7.5 mg) oral methotrexate reduces the rate of progression in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1995; 37: 30-40. 55. Casetta I, Iuliano G, Filippini G. Azathioprine for multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007: CD003982. 56. Le Page E, Leray E, Taurin G, et al. Mitoxantrone as induction treatment in aggressive relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: treatment response factors in a 5 year follow-up observational study of 100 consecutive patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008; 79: 52-6. 57. Goodin DS, Cohen BA, O'Connor P, Kappos L, Stevens JC. Assessment: the use of natalizumab (Tysabri) for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (an evidence-based review): report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2008; 71: 766-73. 58. Stankoff B, Waubant E, Confavreux C, et al. Modafinil for fatigue in MS: a randomized placebo-controlled double- blind study. Neurology 2005; 64:1139-43. 59. Sheean G. Botulinum toxin treatment of adult spasticity: a benefit-risk assessment. Drug Saf 2006; 29: 31-48. 60. DasGupta R, Fowler CJ. Sexual and urological dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: better understanding and improved therapies. Curr Opin Neurol 2002; 15: 271-8. 61. O'Connor AB, Schwid SR, Herrmann DN, Markman JD, Dworkin RH. Pain associated with multiple sclerosis: systematic review and proposed classification. Pain 2008; 137: 96-111. Multiple sclerosis - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment Abstract Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system and a common cause of disability among young people. MS is thought to be an autoimmune disease involving both inheritance and environmental factors. The disease is characterized by relapses and the symptoms and course are highly variable. The diagnosis is primarily clinical and supported by results of diagnostic studies. The importance of timely diagnosis has increased with the availability of effective treatment. The purpose of this article is to review symptoms, signs, diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis. >- cc < 5 5 3 co I w Eliasdottir OJ, Olafsson E, Kjartansson O. O Multiple sclerosis - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Icel Med J 2009; 95: 583-589. Z Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment. Correspondence: ÓlöfJóna ElíasdóWr, olajona<Slandspitali.is Barst: 2. desember 2008,/13. janúar - samþykkt til birtingar: 12. júní 2009 LÆKNAblaðið 2009/95 589

x

Læknablaðið

Direct Links

If you want to link to this newspaper/magazine, please use these links:

Link to this newspaper/magazine: Læknablaðið
https://timarit.is/publication/986

Link to this issue:

Link to this page:

Link to this article:

Please do not link directly to images or PDFs on Timarit.is as such URLs may change without warning. Please use the URLs provided above for linking to the website.