Jökull


Jökull - 01.01.2020, Page 55

Jökull - 01.01.2020, Page 55
Vestergaard et al. við gasið. Nota má söguleigar heimildir og fjarkönn- unargögn til að ákvarða straumlínur hraunrennslisins og rekja breytingar á gígunum á gossprungu Heklu meðan á gosunum stóð. Í eldgosunum 1845–46 og 1947–48 minnkaði SiO2 úr 58–57 wt% í upphafi goss í 55–54 wt% í lok goss. Þetta er í samræmi við hefðbundið lík- an um að Hekla gjósi úr einu stóru, lagskiptu kviku- hólfi þar sem mest þróaða (kísilríkasta) kvikan liggur efst. Aftur á móti sýna hraunin frá 1766–68 flókn- ari SiO2 þróun. Hraunið frá 1766 frá suðurhluta Heklusprungunnar hafði SiO2 hlutfall á bilinu 54,9– 56,5 wt%, en Hringlandahraunið sem rann síðar frá NE-enda Heklu í mars 1767 hafði hærra hlutfall SiO2, um 57,8 wt%. Þetta sýnir að einfalda lagskipta kviku- hólfslíkanið fellur ekki að öllum hraungosum Heklu. REFERENCES Albino, F., B. Smets, N. d’Oreye and F. Kervyn 2015. High-resolution TanDEM-X DEM: An accu- rate method to estimate lava flow volumes at Nya- mulagira volcano (D. R. Congo). J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 120, 4189–4207, https://doi.org/10.1002/- 2015JB011988. Barsotti, S., M. M. Parks, M. A. Pfeffer, M. J. Roberts, B. G. Ófeigsson, G. B. Guðmundsson, K. Jónsdóttir, K. Vogfjörð, I. Kristingsson, B. H. Bergsson and R. H. Þrastarson 2019. Hekla volcano monitoring project. Icelandic Meteorological Office, Report to ICAO, VÍ 2019-003, 60 pp. Björnsson, H. 1983. Obituary: Sigurdur Thorarinsson, 1912–1983. J. Glaciology 29, 521–523. Bonny, E., T. Thordarson, R. Wright, A. Höskuldsson and I. Jónsdóttir 2018. The Volume of Lava Erupted Dur- ing the 2014 to 2015 Eruption at Holuhraun, Iceland: A Comparison Between Satellite- and Ground-Based Measurements. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 123, 5412–5426, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JB015008 Bottinga, Y. and D. F. Weill 1972. The viscosity of magmatic silicate liquids; a model calculation. Am. J. Science 272, 438–475, https://doi.org/10.2475/- ajs.272.5.438. Bricka, C. F. 2019. Dansk biografisk leksikon 5, http://- runeberg.org/dbl/15/0414.html, 412 pp. Calvari, S. and H. Pinkerton 1998. Formation of lava tubes and extensive flow field during the 1991–1993 erup- tion of Mount Etna. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 103, 27291–27301, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB03388. Calvari, S. and H. Pinkerton 1999. Lava tube morphol- ogy on Etna and evidence for lava flow emplace- ment mechanisms. J. Volc. Geoth. Res. 90, 263–280, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00024-4. Chekol, T. A., K. Kobayashi, T. Yokoyama, C. Sakaguchi and E. Nakamura 2011. Timescales of magma dif- ferentiation from basalt to andesite beneath Hekla Volcano, Iceland: Constraints from U-series dise- quilibria in lavas from the last quarter-millennium flows. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 75, 256–283, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.10.001. Einarsson, P. and K. Sæmundsson 1987. Earthquake epicenters 1982–1985 and volcanic systems in Ice- land. Map in: Í hlutarins eðli. Sigfússon, Þ. I. (ed.). Festschrift for Þorbjörn Sigurgeirsson. Menningarsj., Reykjavík. Einarsson, P. 2018. Short-term seismic precursors to Ice- landic eruptions 1973–2014. Frontiers in Earth Sci- ence 6, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00045. Einarsson, T. 1949. The Eruption of Hekla 1947–1948: The flowing lava. Studies of its main physical and chemical properties. 1–70 pp. Einarson, T., G. Kjart- ansson and S. Thórarinsson (eds.). The Museum of Natural History, Reykjavík. Fink, J. 1980. Surface folding and viscosity of rhyolite flows. Geology 8, 250–254, https://doi.org/10.1130/- 0091-7613(1980)8<250:SFAVOR>2.0.CO;2. Finnsen, H. 1767. Efterretning om tildragelserne ved bjer- get Hekla udi Island i April og følgende maaneder 1766. Horrebow, C. (ed.). Kongelig Universitets Bog- trykker Andreas Hartvig Godicbe, Kjøbenhavn 1–46 pp. Fulcher, G. S. 1925. Analysis of recent measurements of the viscosity of glasses. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 8, 339– 355. Geirsson, H., P. LaFemina, T. Árnadóttir, E. Sturkell, F. Sigmundsson, M. Travis, P. Schmidt, B. Lund, S. Hreinsdóttir and R. Bennett 2012. Volcano deforma- tion at active plate boundaries: Deep magma accumu- lation at Hekla volcano and plate boundary deforma- tion in south Iceland. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 117, B11409, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jb009400. Giordano, D., J. K. Russell and D. B. Dingwell 2008. Vis- cosity of magmatic liquids: A model. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 271, 123–134, https://doi.org/10.1016/- j.epsl.2008.03.038. 52 JÖKULL No. 70, 2020
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