Jökull


Jökull - 01.01.2020, Page 130

Jökull - 01.01.2020, Page 130
Jökulsá á Breiðamerkursandi þá var í vinnslu. Ástæðan fyrir breytingum var skýr, þjónustuhæfi bygginga gagnvart miklum fjölda gesta er löngu sprungið. Því er brýn nauðsyn að fara í frek- ari uppbyggingu. Ráðgert var að fara í umtalsverð- ar framkvæmdir austan við núverandi byggingu við Jökulsá, þar sem ferðaþjónustan er staðsett. Meðal annars var ráðgert að slétta út stór plön fyrir bíla- stæði og byggja gestastofu í farvegum Jökulsár. Í ljósi þessa tók annar okkar (SG) sig til og dró saman þær upplýsingar sem hér hafa verið gerð skil og kortlagði svæðið í kringum Jökulsá. Þær niðurstöður voru síðan kynntar fyrir þáverandi bæjarstjóra Sveitarfélagsins Hornafjarðar og þjóðgarðsverði suðursvæðis í Vatna- jökulsþjóðgarði. Í framhaldi þess var málið tekið fyr- ir hjá svæðisráði suðursvæðis Vatnajökulsþjóðgarðs og kynnt fyrir stjórn og hönnuðum og Vegagerðinni. Niðurstöður urðu þær að meirihluta fannst vart rétt- lætanlegt að fórna meira af farvegum Jökulsár undir framkvæmdir í ljósi þess sögusviðs sem tengist Jök- ulsá. Deiliskipulagi var síðan breytt og samþykkt árið 2020. Í framtíðinni mun gestastofa ásamt tengdri þjónustu við ferðamenn, verða reist á bakkanum aust- an við farvegi Jökulsár. Munu farvegirnir vonandi fá friðhelgi um sinn. Abstract The glacial river Jökulsá á Breiðamerkursandi drains the Jökulsárlón tidal lagoon (27 km2), in Southeast Iceland. Despite being the shortest glacial outlet (0.6 km), it is among the most voluminous rivers in Iceland, with an estimated average drainage of 250– 300 m3/s and has doubled its volume at peak runoff. Until a bridge was established, this was one of Ice- land’s most infamous river and for travellers, cruis- ing on horseback, the greatest obstacle to cross on the main road. The river began shaping its present channel in the late 19th century but was not perma- nently settled until the mid-20th century. Before that it used to wander around the fan, occasionally in sev- eral branches, or as a single heavy moving water. In this paper we present a map of its known runoffs and channels that were formed in the 19th and 20th cen- turies. Few channels were digitized from old maps, but several of those were identified and recorded by the late Flosi Björnsson (1906–1993), a farmer from the Kvísker, who guided travellers across the river be- fore the bridge was built. The Breiðamerkurjökull outlet glacier of Vatna- jökull, Southeast Iceland, advanced ∼10–15 km dur- ing the Little Ice Age. During the LIA advance the wide fan shaped shore in front of Breiðamerkurjökull gradually extended outward by >1 km, mainly due to sediment deposition by the Jökulsá river and few other temporal glacial river branches. At the turn of the 20th century the outlet glacier started to retreat slowly and in the 1930s terminal lakes were formed. With the for- mation of the Jökulsárlón tidal lagoon river dumping at the shore terminated and was replaced by a progres- sive coastal erosion. Currently ∼0.9 km has eroded off the coast since the 1930s. A 0.65 km wide strip now remains between the coast and Jökulsárlón tidal lagoon, where the Jökulsá river and the remains of its former runway channels are located. HEIMILDIR Army Map Service (AMS) 1951. AMS C762. Sheet 6019 II Breiðamerkurjökull. Eftir loftmyndum 1945 og 1946. 1:50000. Washington DC, US Army Map service. Björn Gunnlaugsson 1844. Uppdráttur Íslands á fjórum blöðum. Eftir fyrirsögn Ólafs Nikolas Ólsen. Hið íslenska bókmennta- félag 1844. Boeckel, Tayo van 2015. Relating Subglacial Water Flow to Surface Velocity Variations of Breiðamerkurjökull, Iceland. Meistararitgerð, Jarðvísindadeild Háskóla Íslands, 71 bls. Vefslóð: skemman.is. Boulton, G. S., P. W. V. Harris og J. Jarvis 1982. Stratigraphy and structure of a coastal sediment wedge of glacial origin infer- red from sparker measurements in glacial Lake Jökulsárlón in southeastern Iceland. Jökull 32, 37–48. Boulton, G. S., Kjartan Thors and J. Jarvis 1988. Dispersal of glacially derived sediment over part of the continental shelf of south Iceland and the geometry of the resultant sediment bodies. Marine Geology 83, 1–4, 193–223. DGS 1905. Kálfafellsstaður – Hrolllaugseyjar/Reynivellir/Borg- arhöfn, Sheets 97 SV/NV/-NA, year of measurement 1903, 1:50000. Copenhagen, Reykjavik, Danish General Staff. Ebenezer Henderson 1957. Ferðabók – Frásagnir um ferðalög um þvert og endilengt ísland árin 1814 og 1815 með vetursetu í Reykjavík (skrifað 1818). Þýðing Snæbjörn Jónsson, 1957. Reykjavík. Prentsmiðja Hafnarfjarðar. Eggert Ólafsson og Bjarni Pálsson 1978. Ferðabók Eggerts Ólafs- sonar og Bjarna Pálssonar um ferðir þeirra á Íslandi 1752– 1757, 1–2. bindi. Steindór Steindórsson frá Hlöðum íslensk- aði árið 1942. Örn og Örlygur. JÖKULL No. 70, 2020 127
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Jökull

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