Fróðskaparrit - 01.01.2001, Qupperneq 89

Fróðskaparrit - 01.01.2001, Qupperneq 89
TARAR í FØROYSKUM ØKI 93 lands, Simmons (1897) about 125, Børge- sen (1902) 216 and Irvine (1982) 223 species. In comparing the numbers it is im- portant to realise that the delimitations of species have changed over the years, some were in the past considered independent species and later changed the status, others were found to be different phases in the life history of a single species. Other algae, considered taxa of lower rank have now been elevated to species or referred to dif- ferent species. The number of species partly reflects the intensity of studies and only a few are like- ly newcomers within the period of pub- lished records. Many small species, especially micro- scopic epiphytes, crustose algae and Cyanophyceae may have been overlooked in previous investigations. The same con- cerns the heteromorphic brown algae, Acrothrix gracilis and Striaria attenuata, these can be present as unrecognizable microthalli and only develop macrothalli under suitable conditions at unpredictable intervals. Acrothrix gracilis is widely dis- tributed in the North Atlantic, but not re- ported from Iceland (Forward and South, 1985) ; Striaria attenuata is widely distrib- uted in the eastem part of the North At- lantic, but not reported from the Shetland Islands and Iceland (South and Tittley, 1986) . Justified as candidates for newcomers are therefore only the relatively large species. Callithamnion tetragonum is widely distributed in the North Atlantic, in- cluding Iceland (South and Tittley, 1986). Ceramium diaphanum has a southern dis- tribution in the northeastern North Atlantic (South and Tittley, 1986 as C. tenuissimun (Roth) J.Agardh). A surprising discovery was Ophiocladus simpliciusculus since this species is known from the warm temperate Atlantic Ocean and also the Seychelles (Wynne, 1995) and South Africa (Stegenga et al., 1997). Dilsea carnosa is an example of a successful newcomer, first reported by Rex (1970, unpubl. report). In our material D. carnosa was very common often well developed with fronds up to 80 cm long. Another example may be Fucus serratus, the old report by Landt (1800) was neither documented nor confirmed by succeeding investigations; therefore both Børgesen (1902) and Irvine (1982) thought it was a mistake. The species was collected at a single locality in the Trongisvágsfjord in 1997 (Bruntse et al., 1999a; 1999b), while well developed stands were observed at several places along the same fjord in 2000 (K. Gunnarsson, pers. obs.). In sheltered localities a non digitate Laminaria with a long hollow stipe occurs, it was described as L. longicruris var. faeroensis by Børgesen (1896) and later el- evated to species (Børgesen, 1902) based on the absence of mucilage ducts in the stipe. Laminaria longicruris is common along the east coast of North America, from Arc- tic Canada to Connecticut (Egan and Yarish, 1988). Transplantexperiments have shown that both the presence of mucilage ducts and hollow stipe are influenced by environmental conditions (Chapman, 1973; 1974). In a series of crossing experiments nearly complete interfertility was found be-
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