Fróðskaparrit - 01.01.2001, Page 124

Fróðskaparrit - 01.01.2001, Page 124
128 BREEDING DISTRIBUTION AND NUMBERS OF WREN (TROGLODYTES TROGLODYTES) IN THE FAROE ISLANDS places where there were no rats and there- fore no need to keep cats. Since then rnany authors have emphasised the negative ef- fects the presence of cats have on the abun- dance of wrens in the islands (e.g. Miiller, 1862; Feilden, 1872; Andersen, 1898; Klinckowstrom, 1911; Ferdinand, 1947; Patursson, 1948; Williamson, 1948). Besides scattered, short references to lo- cal concentrations of breeding wrens no quantitative studies have been made until 1981, when a census of the landbirds of the entire Faroes, involving a large amount of field-work, was conducted (Bloch, 1981). With reference to the wren this census yielded a total of 250 singing males and the breeding population was estimated at 250- 500 pairs (Bloch and Sørensen, 1984); lat- er this estimate was revised to 500 pairs, no explanation given (Bloch et al., 1996). During the past 20 years I have intermit- tently been studying wrens in the Faroes. The primary aim of the present account is to estimate the size of the total breeding population during this period (i.e. an over- all average for the 1980s and 1990s) as well as to describe the geographic distribution and habitat-use. In addition, data on the magnitude of annual fluctuations in num- bers are given but will not be elaborated on in this paper. Finally, possible long-term changes are discussed. The islands The Faroe Islands, situated in the North At- lantic between Shetland and Iceland, con- sist of 18 islands (and some srnall islets), separated by narrow sounds and short stretches of water; the maximum W-E and S-N distances are about 75 km and 115 km, respectively (Fig. 1); the total land area is 1401 km2. The islands range in size frorn 0.7 (Lítla Dínrun) to 374 km2 (Streymoy) and with the highest peak at 882 m a.s.l. (about 2% of total area > 600 m), the north- em parts of the archipelago being the most mountainous. The coasts are rugged with high, vertical sea cliffs on the W and N sides of many islands, whereas on the E sides the coastal cliffs are usually lower, with sloping grasslands. Typical features of the landscape are: the many small to large crevices and gullies (gjáir, singul. gjógv) that cut deep into the coastal and inland cliffs and mountains, the ledges or ”steps” (hamrar) caused by differences in the prop- erties of the tuff and basalt series giving the mountain sides a stratified appearance, and the infields or "home fields” (bøur) with their settlements. The infields encompass the cultivated land surrounding the individ- ual farmstead or larger settlements and are usually encirclød by stone walls or modern wire fences. The settleinents are almost in- variably located by the sea, and the infields stand out as habitat-islands covering a total of about 7% of the Faroes (see Enckell et al., 1987:Fig. 1). Within the infields the vegetation is often relatively lush, as it is in some sheltered sites such as in gjáir , on cliff-shelves or in seabird colonies. Natural shrubs or birch woods are absent, but on some islands there are small plantations of introduced coniferous and deciduous spe- cies of trees; total area is about 100 ha. The rest of the land consists of outfields (hagi) extending from the shores to the mountain
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