Archaeologia Islandica - 01.01.2011, Qupperneq 72

Archaeologia Islandica - 01.01.2011, Qupperneq 72
SIGRID CECILIE JUEL HANSEN the medieval period in Iceland. My current hypothesis is that this decrease is perhaps linked to the fact that the dark grey schist stones were primarily brought to Iceland by individuals during the settlement period and was not included in the organized trade, as the Eidsborg stone after AD 1000. The same hypothesis could also be applied to the occurrence of single fmds of various silt and sandstone types, which were commonly used as whetstone material in the eastem and southem part of Scandinavia and the Baltic, and even the British Isles, but not in Iceland. Icelandic Dolerite Not all the whetstones were of foreign origin. To a minor degree dolerite, which occurs naturally in Iceland but is inferior in quality compared to the imported schist types, has been used as whetstone material (Bragason 2009). It must be regarded as secondary to the schist whetstones and mostly mentioned in the ethnographic sources in connection with more rough jobs such as sharpening the turf cutters (Guðjónsson and Einarsson '). It seems that local Icelandic rock types were rarely used as whetstone material during the medieval and pre-medieval periods and that the use in post-medieval Iceland varies geographically. For instance, it was not utilized as whetstone material in Skálholt, but in Hólar in Hjaltadalur it was well-represented, making up 5.8% of the collection, perhaps due to the local sources in the area (Sauðámes in Skagafjörður) or varying access or ability to acquire foreign schist whetstones. Fuller understanding of local variations in whetstone use in Iceland, however, must await further investigation of local geology, the availability of local Icelandic whetstone material, and more studies of post-medieval collections, Whetstone trade Based on the types of source material present in the Icelandic whetstone collection, it is clear that the large majority of whetstones were of foreign origin and must have been imported to Iceland. The Eidsborg schist is the only type for which the source, production, and exchange network are well-known, as it was part of a well-documented and organized trade ífom Norway. Surely, the modem schistose whetstone types were also part of an established trade, but little is known about this within an Icelandic context. The dark gray schist whetstones and various sand and silt whetstone types were probably primarily brought to Iceland in a more random selection as part of the initial settlement package. Perhaps the dark grey schist were also later object of trade but in low scale or it could have just been brought by individuals as part of their personal possessions. The dolerite was locally present in several areas in Iceland and probably only utilized as a secondary addition to the schist whetstones, though very little is still known about the use of this stone archaeologically. ' Mentioned in the questionnaires sent out by the ethnographic department of the National Museum of Iceland, Þjóöháttadeild “016 - Torfskurður og móverk” see: Guðmundur Guðjónsson (2612961608) source nr. Nr. 1541 and Guðmundur Steinn Einarsson (2805172599) source nr. Nr. 2792) 70
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Archaeologia Islandica

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