Jökull - 01.01.2019, Page 7

Guðmundsson et al.
Table 1. Ice-marginal lakes by S-Vatnajökull. The total area of the terminus lakes in 2018 was almost 60 km2
(excluding the ice-dammed Norðurdalslón and Veðurárdalslón). The table shows the area in 2018, A, volume
around that time, V , average depth, da and surface elevation, zs, for a lake first formed in the year, Tf . The sur-
face elevation is determined from available DEMs from different years as described in the footnotes. The lake
volume is determined from a bed map of the glacier measured by radio-echo sounding before most of the lakes
were formed, except for the lakes by Svínafellsjökull, Fjallsárlón and Breiðárlón where point measurements of
the lake depth were used. The lake type is “D” for a glacier-dammed lake in a side valley, “T” for lakes by the
terminus, and “P” for lakes in the proglacial area not in contact with the glacier front. The last column indicates
whether calved ice floating in the lake in late summer covered < 5% (I), 5–50% (II) or > 50% (III) of the lake
area. The lakes Grænalón by Skeiðarárjökull, Ærfjallslón by Hrútárjökull and the two Vatnsdalslón lakes by
Brókarjökull and Heinabergsjökull had all disappeared before 2018 and are not included in the table. – Jökullón
við sunnanverðan Vatnajökul. Heildarflatarmál sporðlóna var tæplega 60 km2 árið 2018 (að frátöldum jökul-
stífluðum lónum eins og Norðurdalslóni og Veðurárdalslóni). Grænalón við Skeiðarárjökul, Ærfjallslón við
Hrútárjökul og Vatnsdalslónin tvö við Brókarjökul og Heinabergsjökul voru öll horfin fyrir 2018 og eru þess
vegna ekki í töflunni.
Glacier Lake A V da zs Tf Type Ice
(km2) (106 m3) (m) (m)
Skeiðarárjökull Total of all term. lakes 7.1 – – – ∼2000 T –
– main western lake Terminus lake 1.6 37 25 631 ∼2000 T II
– main middle lake Terminus lake 2.8 113 42 742 ∼2000 T II
– main eastern lake Terminus lake 0.6 19 32 793 ∼2000 T II
– Norðurdalslón > 1 – – ∼475 – D II
Morsárjökull Morsárlón 0.6 39 63 1494 ∼1940 T II
Skaftafellsjökull Terminus lake 1.3 29 23 875 ∼2001 T II
Svínafellsjökull Terminus lakes 0.4 10 26 975,6 ∼2000 T I
Virkisjökull Terminus lake 0.2 5 25 1275 2006 T III
Kvíárjökull Kvíárjökulslón 0.6 3 5 305 ∼1940 T II
Hrútárjökull Dead ice remnant 0.1 – – ∼35 2003 P I
Fjallsjökull Fjallsárlón 3.7 170 48 65,6 ∼1938 T II
Breiðamerkurjökull Breiðárlón 5.9 110 20 185,6 1930 T I
– Jökulsárlón/Stemmulón 27 2700 101 2 1933 T II
– Veðurárlón 0.8 – – 7 late 1930s P I
– Veðurárdalslón 0.8 43 60 ∼3007 1930s D I
Brókarjökull Dead ice remnant 0.06 – – ∼2008 after 2005 P I
Skálafellsjökull Terminus lake 0.3 5 21 478 1960s T I
Heinabergsjökull Heinabergslón > 3 210 71 548 ∼1947 T II
Fláajökull Terminus lakes 1.7 18 12 458 1930s T I
Viðborðsjökull Dead ice remnant 0.07 – – 1268 ∼1985 P I
Hoffellsjökull Terminus lakes 4.7 220 4810 221 ∼1900 T I/III9
1ArcticDEM 2017. 2ArcticDEM 2018. 3ArcticDEM 2019. 4Lidar 2012. 5Lidar 2011. 6UI, unpublished data.
7Pálsson (2018). 8Lidar 2010. 9The lakes by the western part of the terminus (called Svínafellsjökull when this part
of the glacier reached into the area west of Öldutangi and Göltur) are without floating ice fragments (I) but the lake
by the eastern part of the glacier (traditionally called Hoffellsjökull, which is now the name applied to the entire
outlet glacier) is covered by ice fragments (III). These lakes have recently merged. 10The depth in the table is an
average of the recently merged lakes assuming 15 m depth in the westernmost lake west of Öldutangi. The average
depth of the easternmost lake by the traditional Hoffellsjökull terminus east of Öldutangi is 97 m.
6 JÖKULL No. 69, 2019