Læknablaðið - 15.12.1998, Blaðsíða 26

928
LÆKNABLAÐIÐ 1998; 84
Loftborið bráðaofnæmi
á Mið-Norðurlandi
Magnús Ólafsson”, Davíð Gíslason21
Ólafsson M, Gíslason D
Airborne immediate allergy in Mid-North Iceland
Læknablaðið 1998; 84: 928-34
Objective: To investigate main causes of airborne
immediate allergy in a region of one primary health
care center with about 17,000 inhabitants in the
northern part of Iceland, both in general and with
special reference to diagnoses.
Material and methods: Totally 600 individuals with
symptoms indicating airborne immediate allergy
were investigated under the periode 1988-1995. Skin
prick test (SPT) was used in a standardized way and
with standardized solutions. Histamine 10 mg/ml
was used as a positive control and positive results
were defined as at least half as big as the histamine
reaction.
Results: 47% of investigated individuals had posi-
tive SPT. Grass gave most often positive response
and animal dander from cat were in the second place.
The allergy symptoms start in ntore than half of the
cases under the age of 16. House dust mites allergy
are confirmed in only about 10% of the cases. Mean
age of patients who came to the health care center
with allergy is 23± 13 years and 34±17 years of those
without allergy and the difference is significant in
both sexes (p<0.001). When patients with grass
pollen allergy are divided into two groups, those with
and those without a family history (parents or sib-
lings) of allergy, it is evident that those with a family
history get their allergic disease significantly earlier
in life than those without a family history (p<0.01).
Conclusions: Immediate airborne allergy is, as is
Frá "Heilsugæslustöðinni á Akureyri, Wífilsstaðaspitala.
Fyrirspurnir, bréfaskipti: Magnús Ólafsson, Heilsugæslu-
stöðinni á Akureyri, Pósthólf 460, 602 Akureyri. Sími: 460
4600, bréfsími: 461 2605, netfang: magnus@hak.ak.is
Lykilorö: loftborið bráöaofrtæmi, orsakir, Mið-Norðurland.
quite well known, mostly a disease of children and
young people. By far the most common cause in
Mid-North Iceland is grasspollen as in South-West
Iceland. Birch pollen is rnore common in the north-
ern part, probably because of a different vegetation.
Age distribution in the whole group without regard
to diagnosis is the same as in South-West Iceland
where patients with chronic rhinitis were investiga-
ted. Storage mite Lepidoglyphus desfntcfor is often
positive in those working with hay and it should be
included in standard panel for skin prick tests in
Northern Iceland.
Key words: immediate airborne aiiergy, causes, Mid-
North lceland.
Ágrip
Tilgangur: Að kanna helstu orsakir bráðaof-
næmis á Norðurlandi innan upptökusvæðis
einnar heilsugæslustöðvar með um það bil
17.000 íbtáa, bæði almennt og tneð tilliti til ein-
stakra sjúkdóma.
Efniviður og aðferðir: Rannsakaðir voru
600 einstaklingar sem höfðu einkenni sem gátu
samrýmst bráðaofnæmi. Tímabilið er 1988-
1995. Gert var húðpróf (skin prick test) eftir
stöðluðum leiðum og með stöðluðum lausnum.
Histamín (10 mg/ml) var notað sem jákvæð
viðmiðun og jákvætt húðpróf skilgreint sem að
minnsta kosti helmingur af histamínsvöruninni
(++).
Niðurstöður: Af rannsökuðum einstakling-
um reyndust 47% vera með jákvæð húðpróf. Al-
gengustu orsakir voru grasfrjó og kattarhár
voru í öðru sæti. Sjúkdómurinn byrjar í liðlega
helmingi einstaklinga fyrir 16 ára aldur, of-
næmi gegn rykmaurum sést einungis í um 10%
tilvika. Meðalaldur þeirra sem hafa ofnæmi er
23±13 ár og þeirra sem ekki hafa ofnæmið