Íslenskt mál og almenn málfræði - 01.01.1984, Page 146

144 Kristján Árnason
in a phonemic system and that the ‘choices’ made in forming a nucleus
are between one of the thirteen qualities listed above. (Some of these
qualities are moving, i.e. diphthongs.)
4. Thecoda
A distinction seems to be necessary between complex and simple
codas. The simple ones that occur are stop: [$/th, g/kh, þ/ph]; frica-
tive: [f, ð]; and [s]; nasal: [m, n]; lateral: [1], and trill: [r].
There is a systematic dialect difference here. In the South the only
stop codas that can occur are unaspirated ones, /g/ showing a palatal-
ized variant [í] when followed by a front unrounded vowel. In the
North, aspirated [ph], [th], [kh] ([ch]) also occur: after a vocalic nu-
cleus (i.e. one with held voicing and an open manner of articulation)
only the aspirates occur, and after nuclei with checked voicing, only
unaspirated stops occur. After nuclei ending in voiced sonorants and
voiced fricatives (i.e. with held voicing and with a lateral, nasal, trill
or fricative manner), both aspirates and non-aspirates occur.
Forms exemplifying the types of coda are:
(8)a stop
1. Southern variety:
vald [vald] valt [val$] maðk [maþg] veit [vci:þ]
helg [hdg] hönk [hœyrjg] sök [sœ:g]
kamb [khamþ] hamp [hamþ] tap [tha:þ]
2. Northern variety:
vald [valþ] valt [val$] maðk [maðkh] veit [vei:th]
helg [helg] hönk [hœyi]g]/[hœyi]kh] sök [sœ:kh]
kamb [khamþ] hamp [hamþ]/[hamph] tap [tha:ph]
hjálp [gaulþ]/[5aulph]
b FRICATIVE AND S3
hálj [haulf]/[haulv]
barð [þarþ]/[l?arð]
vors [vors]
torj [thorf]/[thorv]
stríð [s$ri:þ]/[s()ri:ð]
tað [tha:þ]/[tha:ð]
vog [vo:x]/[v3:y]
vos [vd:s]
3 Where alternative forms are given with voiced or voiceless fricatives or sonorants
finally, this is due to a process of final devoicing. The voiceless forms, then, represent
occurrence before pause.