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Ukioqatigiit

Læknablaðið - 15.12.1995, Qupperneq 16

Læknablaðið - 15.12.1995, Qupperneq 16
850 LÆKNABLAÐIÐ 1995; 81 Nýrnasteintökur um húð Geir Ólafsson Ólafsson G Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in Reykjavík City Hospital 1985-1993 Læknablaðið 1995; 81; 850-55 In the years 1985 to 1993, 92 patients, 61 men and 31 women, went to PCNL for stone removal at the Urology Department in the Reykjavík City Hospi- tal, total 112 procedures. It was almost every patient who needed surgery for stone in the upper urinary tract. Most of the patients went home from the hospital in good health two or three days after the operation. Operation on the left kidney was more common (59%) than on the right one (41%). The stone size was 4-40 mm in diameter, mean 12 mm. In 70% of the operations there was one stone, but in 10% there were four stones or more. The procedure was done in two stages in 64% but in one stage in 36%. Stones in the upper ureter (26%) were first manipulated up into the renal pelvis. In 82% of the operations we did not have to disintegrate the stones but in 18% we used ultrasound or electrohydrolic- waves to do so. 87% of the patients needed only one operation. The results were that 87.5% of the patients were stonefree or had stonerests 4 mm or less after one procedure. Thirteen patients were taken more than once to PCNL, five of them got rid of their stones after repeated operations. Thus 90.2% of the 92 patients were managed successfully, that is stone- free or had stonerests smaller than 4 mm. No serious complications were noted. The most common complication was leakage of contrast media as a sign of perforation of the renal pelvis in 29 procedures. It always held without further com- plication within a few days with a nephrostomy. Frá þvagfæraskurðlækningadeild Borgarspítalans, 108 Reykjavík. Fyrirspurnir, bréfaskipti: Geir Ólafsson, þvag- færaskurðlækningadeild Borgarspítalans, 108 Reykjavík. Seven patients needed transfusion. No patient need- ed an open operation for complications. The conclusion is that PCNL is an easy and safe method for removal of most stones in the upper urinary tract. The hospital time is short, results good and complications are few. Ágrip Gerð er örstutt grein fyrir sögulegri þróun aðgerða við nýrnasteinum allt til okkar daga. Skoðaðir voru allir sjúklingar sem gengust undir steintöku um húð (percutaneous nep- hrolithotomy, PCNL) á Borgarspítalanum á árunum 1985-1993. Aðferðinni er lýst og rætt um notagildi hliðstæðrar tækni við aðra sjúk- dóma. Níutíu og tveir sjúklingar fóru í samtals 112 nýrnasteinatökur um húð. Árangur varð sá að í 87,5% tilvika losnuðu sjúklingar við steina eða höfðu steinleifar minni en 4 mm eftir eina að- gerð. Eftir endurteknar aðgerðir losnuðu 90,2% sjúklinganna við steina eða steinleifar voru 4 mm eða minni og er það svipaður árang- ur og í sambærilegum erlendum rannsóknum og telst viðunandi. Engir alvarlegir fylgikvillar komu fram og enginn sjúklinganna þurfti að fara í opna að- gerð vegna fylgikvilla. Sjúklingarnir þoldu að- gerðina vel og útskrifuðust venjulega tveimur til þremur dögum eftir aðgerð, vinnufærir. Inngangur Frá því að sögur hófust hafa læknar glímt við þvagfærasteina og afleiðingar þeirra. Fyrstu þekktu ritaðar heimildir um steinbrot er að finna í ritum Nicephorus nokkurs, sagnaritara frá Byzanthium, sem uppi var á árunum 758- 829 (1). Með þróun skurðlæknisfræðinnar á 19. öld en þó einkum á þessari var farið að fram-
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