Iðjuþjálfinn - 2020, Side 55

Iðjuþjálfinn - 2020, Side 55
Iðjuþjálfinn 1/202055 Occupational Therapy and Health Economics A SUMMARY For every society it is important to know if the health care interven- tions provided are effective and efficient. Resources are limited, and in order to maintain high standards, the resources available need to be allocated to the interventions that give the best results. Thus, the need for health economic data that underpins deci- sion-making processes will increase and become more important for policy makers in different parts of our welfare systems. In general, the effects of occupational therapy interventions are well-known, but knowledge about economical utility of interven- tions is generally lacking. Even though some research is available it can be difficult to relate the results to national circumstances and interpret them in organisational contexts. The aim of this report is to promote awareness and basic under- standing of Health Economics and increase knowledge about eco- nomical utility in occupational therapy interventions. We hope that the report will provide inspiration and contribute to discussions, not least among occupational therapists, on the eco- nomical utility of occupational therapy in practice as well as for re- search. THE CONTENT Chapter 1 Economic evaluation and when to use it This chapter is a short introduction to the main aspects of eco- nomic evaluations i.e. to identify, measure, evaluate and com- pare the costs and effects of the interventions in focus. The two main types of economic evaluations; trial-based and model- based are explained and exemplified. The main part of the chapter focuses on trial-based economic evaluations since effective ness trials are often used as a vehicle for economic evaluations. Chapter 2 Return to work The chapter is a systematic review aiming at examining scientif- ic evidence for cost-effectiveness of return to work (RTW) inter- ventions that occupational therapists may use, targeting people with mental health disorders. The results show that evi- dence-based SE IPS intervention is cost effective in several wel- fare systems, among them the Nordic countries. A study where work- focused OT intervention was added to standard treat- ment (as usual), showed the intervention to be more cost effec- tive than the comparator, but was considered to have low methodological quality. Chapter 3 Older people, and health This chapter is a scoping review of health economic perspec- tives in occupational therapy interventions for older people. The result showed that occupational therapy interventions have potential to positively affect health outcomes such as per- formance of daily activities, involvement in valued life situa- tions and supporting older people to remain independent. Given the broad spread of interventions, the actual content of interventions varied substantially from a one-session interven- tion to those including a large number of sessions over a period of up to nine months. While each intervention can be discussed separately in relation to content and outcome, an overall quest- ion is how extensive an intervention needs to be in order to give sufficient effects. IN CONCLUSION In conclusion, this report showed that occupational therapy inte- ventions do have economic implications since, disability, depend- ency, and work absen- ce impact societal costs. It is, therefore, im- portant that the profession continues to engage in economic evaluations and use results thereof. For future economic evalua- tion in occupational therapy, researchers need to pay considerable attention to: study design, collecting all relevant data on both costs and effects, following costs and effects over a sufficient period of time and ensuring that studies are statistically powered to detect differences in both costs and effects. This report, Occupational Therapy and Health Economics, is a result of a project on health economics involving occupational therapy organisations in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The project group consisted of researchers from Denmark, Norway and Sweden. EKKI GLEYMA. . . AÐ FÁ TILBOÐ HJÁ SÖLUMÖNNUM OKKAR Í SÍMA 563 6000 EÐA LITROF@LITROF.IS EF ÞÚ GERIR KRÖFUR UM GÆÐA PRENTVERK, HRAÐA OG ÖRUGGA ÞJÓNUSTU . . .Á GÓÐU VERÐI U M H V E R F I S V O T T U Ð P R E N T S M I Ð J A VAT N A G A R ÐA R 1 4 • S Í M I 5 6 3 6 0 0 0 • L I T R O F. I S

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