Jökull


Jökull - 01.01.2019, Page 159

Jökull - 01.01.2019, Page 159
M.T. Gudmundsson and J. Hólmjárn Figure 1. a) Location of the drill sites in Grímsvötn in 1993 and 2002. The dates mark the eruption sites in Grímsvötn 1983–2011. b) Density as a function of depth. c) Core and hole wall temperature as a function of depth. – a) Staðsetning borholu í Grímsvötnum 1993. Ártölin sýna gosstaði 1983–2011. b) Eðlismassi sem fall af dýpi og c) hiti sem fall af dýpi. A minor eruption occurred in Grímsvötn in May 1983, 10 years before the 1993 drilling (Grönvold and Jóhannesson, 1984). No tephra layer from this eruption was detected in the 1993 core. It is unclear whether this lack of tephra is because no tephra was deposited at the drill site in 1983 or whether the core was not deep enough to reach the layer. Ágrip Í vorferð JÖRFÍ í júní 1993 var boruð 25,6 m djúp kjarnahola í Grímsvötnum. Eðlismassi og hiti kjarn- ans voru mældir á staðnum og sýni tekin til frekari úrvinnslu. Mælingarnar sýna að hjarnið var orðið að ís (eðlismassi 830 kg/m3) á um 25 m dýpi. Aðstæður í Grímsvötnum breyttust verulega með Gjálpargosinu 1996 og gosunum í Grímsvötnum 1998, 2004 og 2011. Sumarleysing jókst í vötnunum samfara lækk- uðu endurkasti sólarljóss vegna gjósku úr gosunum. Þessi breyting var greinileg í borun sem gerð var 2002 og í mælingum sem gerðar hafa verið á seinni árum á afkomu í Grímsvötnum. Mælingarnar á kjarnanum frá 1993 hafa ekki verið birtar hingað til en eru settar fram hér til að þær séu aðgengilegar til samanburðar við önnur gögn um eðlismassa og þykkt hjarnlags í Grímsvötnum og víðar. Acknowledgements Extraction of the core was carried out by participants of the JÖRFÍ spring expedition. Þorsteinn Þorsteins- son and Finnur Pálsson provided helpful comments. Þórdís Högnadóttir helped preparing the figures. REFERENCES Björnsson, H. and F. Pálsson 2008. Icelandic glaciers. Jökull 58, 365–386. Grönvold, K., and H. Jóhannesson 1984. Eruption in Grímsvötn 1983; course of events and chemical studies of the tephra. Jökull 34, 1–11. Gudmundsson, M. T. 1993. Vorferð JÖRFÍ 1993. Jökull 53, 80– 81. Gudmundsson, M. T., and G. Larsen 2015. Grímsvötn. In: Oladot- tir, B., G. Larsen and M. T. Gudmundsson. Catalogue of Ice- landic Volcanoes. IMO, UI and CPD-NCIP. Retrieved from http://icelandicvolcanoes.is/?volcano=KAT Reynolds, H. I., M. T. Gudmundsson, Th. Högnadóttir and F. Pálsson 2018. Thermal power of Grímsvötn, Iceland, from 1998 to 2016: quantifying the effects of volcanic activity and geothermal anomalies. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 358, 184– 193. Thorsteinsson, Th., O. Sigurdsson, T. Jóhannesson, G. Larsen, C. Drücker and F. Wihelms 2002. Ice core drilling on the Hof- sjökull ice cap. Jökull 51, 25–41. Thorsteinsson, Th., T. Jóhannesson, G. Larsen, O. Sigurdsson, K. G. Schmidt and M. Forwick 2003. Dust flux into the Grímsvötn subglacial lake, Vatnajökull Ice Cap, Iceland, es- timated from ice core data. Abstract No. 8134. Third Mars Polar Conference Proceedings. https://www.lpi.usra.edu/- meetings/polar2003/pdf/download/alpha_t-z.pdf 158 JÖKULL No. 69, 2019
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