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Læknablaðið - 15.12.2002, Qupperneq 39

Læknablaðið - 15.12.2002, Qupperneq 39
FRÆÐIGREINAR / BRJÓSTAMINNKUN Yfirlit árangurs eftir brjóstaminnkunar- aðgerðir, framkvæmdar á Landspítala Hringbraut 1984-1993 Ágrip Kári Knútsson' Ólafur Einarsson2 Brjóstaminnkun er viðurkennd og áhrifarík aðgerð til að lina þjáningar kvenna með ofvöxt í brjóstum (Hyperplasia mammae/Macromastia). Petta er ein algengasta aðgerð sem lýtalæknar framkvæma í dag. Tilgaiigur: Að kanna árangur eftir brjóstaminnkun- araðgerðir sem framkvæmdar voru á lýtalækninga- deild Landspítalans á tíu ára tímabili, 1984-1993, með aftursærri og lýsandi rannsókn. Efniviður og aðferðir: Þrír lýtalæknar framkvæmdu flestar aðgerðimar, eða 248 (96%), og notuðu mis- munandi aðferðir við framkvæmd þeirra. Rannsóknin var tvíþætt, annars vegar var farið í gegnum sjúkraskrár allra þeirra 277 kvenna sem leit- uðu til lýtalækna á Landspítalanum vegna stórra brjósta og gengist höfðu undir brjóstaminnkun á báð- um brjóstum. Skráðar voru margþættar upplýsingar um sjúklingana, aðgerðina og árangur, sérstaklega með tilliti til fylgikvilla. Hins vegar var sendur spurn- ingalisti til þeirra kvenna sem tóku þátt í rannsókn- inni. Helst var spurt um einkenni fyrir aðgerð, hvem- ig þær upplifðu aðgerðina (galla og kosti) og síðast en ekki síst árangur aðgerðar að þeirra mati. 258 konur tóku því þátt í rannsókninni (19 féllu úr), en 195 (75,5%) þeirra svöruðu spurningalistanum. Niðurstöður: 28 sjúklingar (11,5%) fengu meiriháttar fylgikvilla eftir aðgerð, en 28,5% sjúklinga fengu minni- háttar fylgikvilla. Allir minniháttar fylgikvillar greru á fáum vikum en hugsanlegt er að læknarnir hafi ver- ið misduglegir við að skrá þá. Af alvarlegum fylgikvill- um þurfti helmingur í bráða enduraðgerð vegna blæð- ingar og hinn helmingurinn í síðkomna enduraðgerð vegna annarra fylgikvilla. Algengasti fylgikvillinn var drep í húð (39% af fylgikvillum). Aðrir algengir fylgikvillar voru sár (18,5%), blæðing (15,5%), sýking (11,5%), og gliðn- un (8%). Alvarlegir fylgikvillar eftir skurðlæknum voru á bilinu 9% til 14,5%. Niðurstöður spurningalistans voru þær helstar að 94% sjúklinga höfðu líkamleg einkenni og þar af 82% með bæði líkamleg og sálræn vandamál fyrir að- gerð. 81% kvennanna fannst árangur aðgerðar vera góður eða mjög góður. 44% kvennanna fannst helstu 'Skurðdeild Sjúkrahúss Akra- ness, 2lýtalækningadeild Landspítala Hringbraut, 101 Reykjavík. Fyrirspurnir og bréfaskipti: Kári Knútsson, Skurðdeild Sjúkrahúss Akraness, 300 Akranesi. kari. knu tsson @sha. is Lykilorð: brjóstaminnkun, brjóstaaðgerð. ENGLISH SUMMARY Knútsson K, Einarsson Ó Reduction mammaplasty in Reykjavik, lceland 1984-1993; An outcome analysis Læknablaðið 2002; 88: 915-9 Breast reduction is an established and effective operation in reducing symptoms of macromastia (Hyperplasia mammae). This is one of the most common operation done by plastic surgeons today. Objective: The purpose of this retrospective descriptive analysis was to determine the results of bilateral reduction mammaplasty in the period 1984-1993, at the department of Plastic Surgery, National University Hospital, Reykjavík, lceland. Material and methods: Three plastic surgeons performed most of the operations (96%) and used different operation methods. Data from 277 patient charts was reviewed, and a total of 258 women were included in the study. Calcula- tion of the complication rate was made for the whole group and each surgeon. A questionnaire form was sent to all of the 258 women that underwent bilateral reduction mammaplasty due to macromastia. Preoperative symptoms, the experience of the operation and lastiy the patients opinion of the overall result of the operation were evalueted. 195 (75.5%) of the patients responded. Results: 28 patients or 11.5% had major complications (needed reoperation) and 69 patients or 28.5% had minor complications. The minor complications healed in a short time (a few weeks), but it is possible that the surgeons did not register all the minor complications equally. Of the major complications half needed reoperation within the first two days because of bleeding/hematoma and the other half needed reoperation later for other resons. The rate of major complications varied from 9% to 14.5% between the surgeons. The most common complication was necrosis of the skin (39% of the complications). Other common complications were minor wounds (18.5%), bleedings (15.5%), infections (11.5%), and dehiscence (8%). Data from the questionnaire indicated that 94% of the patients had physical symptoms and 82% had also emo- tional symptoms preoperatively. 81 % thought the overall result was very good or good. 44% of the patients thought the main disadvantage of the operation was scar appear- ance. 84% thought the operation met their expectations in all (50%) or most regards (34%). 91.5% of the women would recommend operation to a friend. 66% said that macromastia was in the family. Conclusion: The overall results of this study indicate that reduction mammaplasty is an effective method in relieving symptoms due to macromastia and that, despite the complications, the majority of the operated women were pleased with the results. Keywords: reduction mammaplasty, breast reduction. Correspondence: Kári Knútsson, kari.knutsson@sha.is Læknablaðid 2002/88 915 L
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