Saga


Saga - 2006, Page 150

Saga - 2006, Page 150
heimsálfanna sem slíkra. Íslenskar frásagnir af Afríku voru margar hverjar byggðar á textum annarra Evrópubúa eins og sjá má á Hauksbók og riddarasögunum. Íslendingasögurnar gefa til kynna að neikvæð gildi séu tengd við dökkan húðlit en það er ekki hægt að sjá að dökkur litur sé nauðsynlega tengdur við Afríku eða Afríkubúa sem slíka. Þrátt fyrir að jötnar og furðuverur séu tengd- ar við álfuna í íslensku riddarasögunum, rétt eins og í eldri evrópskum ritum, þá birtast einstaklingar af afrískum uppruna þar sem virkir gerendur og sem einstaklingar. Ég hef lagt áherslu á afstæði hugtaksins framandleiki og óljósar og misvísandi tilvísanir miðaldamanna til litarafts. Þessi rannsókn á ímyndum Afríku á miðöldum dregur einnig skýrt fram hversu mikið verk er enn óunnið hvað varðar rannsóknir á tengingu ólíkra heimshluta, en nútímafólki hættir til að hugsa um Afríku og Evr- ópu sem andhverf rými, á meðan sagan sýnir að afmörkun þeirra hefur breyst sögulega um leið og litarhætti hefur verið gefið mis- mikið og ólíkt vægi í gegnum söguna. Abstract K R I S T Í N L O F T S D Ó T T I R N O A H ‘ S T H I R D S O N Icelandic images of Africa in the Middle Ages The article discusses images of Africa in several medieval Icelandic texts, includ- ing Hauksbók, the Icelandic Sagas and several medieval prose romances (ridd- arasögur). The ideas that Europeans in general had are also discussed, as they were an important source for Icelandic images of Africa. The article particularly emphasises images of skin colour in connection with Africa, and the values texts normally attribute to colour. Historical studies on race and exoticism can be important in helping deconstruct modern racist ideas. Emphasis is placed on skin colour as one type of self-image and classification, interrelating with other aspects of self-image and receiving varying weight in different periods. The dis- cussion of the article thus underscores exoticism as a relative phenomenon, one that is historically and socially constructed. As the article notes, Europeans of the Middle Ages looked to the Bible and heritage from the classical era for information on parts of the world they had not yet explored. They frequently took Africa as the home of monsters and strange beings, while their prime sources on such phenomena were the writings of Pliny the Elder, whose information was copied time and again by the scholars of later eras. The banished sons of the Bible, Cain and Ham, were said by some medieval K R I S T Í N L O F T S D Ó T T I R150 Saga vor 2006-NOTA-2 26.4.2006 17:26 Page 150
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