Skírnir

Volume

Skírnir - 01.04.2016, Page 231

Skírnir - 01.04.2016, Page 231
231múslimar og hestar á leiksviði … Austurlandabúi hefur gert að tákni fyrir Austurlönd í heild sinni. Þess vegna leggur greining mín á Orientölskum texta megináherslu á vitnis- burðinn (sem er á engan hátt ósýnilegur) um sýningu sem sviðsetningu, ekki sem „náttúrulega“ myndgervingu Austursins. Slíkan vitnisburð er jafn auðvelt að finna í svokölluðum trúverðugum textum (sögulegum, málvís- indalegum eða pólitískum greiningum) eins og í meintum listrænum (þ.e.a.s. meðvitað uppdiktuðum) texta. Það sem þarf að kanna er stíllinn, málfarið, framsetningin, frásagnartæknin, sögulegar og félagslegar kring- umstæður, ekki nákvæmni framsetningarinnar eða trúverðugleiki hennar gagnvart tiltekinni mikilli frumheimild. Framandleiki framsetningarinnar lætur alltaf stjórnast af þeirri sjálfgefnu forsendu að ef Austrið gæti sýnt sig sjálft, þá myndi það gera það, en þar sem það er þess vanmegnugt, þá muni sýningin leysa vandann á besta hátt fyrir Vestrið og fyrir hið vesæla Austur. „Þau geta ekki stigið fram, þess vegna þarf einhver að koma fram fyrir þau“ eins og Marx skrifaði í Átjánda Brumaire Lúðvíks Bonaparte.3 Hér komum við enn og aftur að vandanum sem vikið var að í upp- hafi og varðar muninn á því að vera og sýna. Said virðist draga í efa skírnir 3 Orientalism is premised upon exteriority, that is, on the fact that the Orientalist, poet or scholar, makes the Orient speak, describes the Orient, renders its mysteries plain for and to the West. He is never concerned with the Orient except as the first cause of what he says. What he says and writes, by virtue of the fact that it is said or written, is meant to indicate that the Orientalist is outside the Orient, both as an existential and as a moral fact. The principal product of this exteriority is of course representation: as early as Aeschylus’s play The Persians the Orient is transformed from a very far distant and often threatening Otherness into figures that are relatively familiar (in Aeschylus’s case, grieving Asiatic women). The dra- matic immediacy of representation in The Persians obscures the fact that the au- dience is watching a highly artificial enactment of what a non-Oriental has made into a symbol for the whole Orient. My analysis of the Orientalist text therefore places emphasis on the evidence, which is by no means invisible, for such repre- sentations as representations, not as „natural“ depictions of the Orient. This evi- dence is found just as prominently in the so-called truthful text (histories, philological analyses, political treatises) as in the avowedly artistic (i.e., openly imaginative) text. The things to look at are style, figures of speech, setting, narra- tive devices, historical and social circumstances, not the correctness of the repre- sentation nor its fidelity to some great original. The exteriority of the represent - ation is always governed by some version of the truism that if the Orient could represent itself, it would; since it cannot, the representation does the job, for the West, haute de mieux, for the poor Orient. „Sie können sich nicht vertreten, sie müssen vertreten werden,“ as Marx wrote in The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. Skírnir vor 2016.qxp_Layout 1 18.4.2016 13:00 Page 231
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