Skírnir

Volume

Skírnir - 01.04.2007, Page 131

Skírnir - 01.04.2007, Page 131
til a› mynda fram a› rit höf und um bæri skylda til a› koma sér und - an „hinu hef› bundna járn braut ar spori setn ing ar inn ar“.6 Um og upp úr alda mót un um 1900 átti sér flví sta› mik il or› - ræ›a inn an evr ópskr ar menn ing ar um gildi pósi tí vism ans og fleirr ar lög máls bundnu hugs un ar sem hann stó› fyr ir. fiar me› er ekki öll sag an sög› flví a› á ára bil inu 1895–1905 hrundi heims - mynd e›l is fræ› inn ar, og flar me› raun vís ind anna allra, me› til - komu skammta fræ› inn ar og af stæ› is kenn ing ar inn ar. Hér skipti n‡-pósi tí vismi (lógísk ur pósi tí vismi) Machs miklu máli. Me› rit - inu Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung hi stor isch-krit isch dar - gestellt sem kom út ári› 1883 og var end ur út gef i› 16 sinn um flar til 1916, kom Mach af sta› miklu um róti inn an e›l is fræ› inn ar, sem hann taldi ein kenn ast af „gagns laus um frum speki leg um vanga velt um“.7 Í gegn um til raun ir banda rísku e›l is fræ› ing anna A.A. Michel sons og E.W. Mor leys ári› 1888, er drógu til vist et ers - ins í efa,8 og „hin ar fræ›i legu rann sókn ir H.A. Lor entz á raf seg - ul- og ljós fyr ir bær um í hlut um á hreyf ingu“9 ári› 1895 var› a›i hug mynda fræ›i Machs lei› ina a› af stæ› is kenn ing um Ein steins ári› 1905 og 1916.10 „N‡-pósi tí vism inn e›a n‡-hlut hyggj an“11 sem Mach bo› a›i haf›i hins veg ar áhrif langt út fyr ir e›l is fræ› ina. fi‡sk-banda ríski d‡ra fræ› ing ur inn Jacques Loeb (1859–1924), sem var einn af frum herj um til rauna d‡ra fræ› inn ar (ex perimental zoology) um alda mót in 1900, mót a›i til raun ir sín ar á fleirri visku Machs a› „til rauna ni› ur stö› ur væru al gjör for senda vís inda legr ar upp götv un ar“.12 Loeb skrif a› ist á vi› Mach á tíma bil inu 1890– ráðist að rótum pósitívismans 131skírnir 6 Kern, The Cult ure of Time and Space 1880–1914, bls. 31. 7 Mill er, Arth ur, Ein stein, Picasso: Space Time and the Beauty That Causes Havoc, New York: Basic Books, 2001, bls. 57. 8 Coll ins, Harry og Trevor Pinch, The Golem, Cambridge: Cambridge Uni - versity Press, 1993, bls. 27–43. 9 Ein stein, Al bert, Af stæ› is kenn ing in (fior steinn Hall dórs son ís lenska›i), Reykja vík: Hi› ís lenska bók mennta fé lag, 1978, bls. 55. 10 Mill er, Ein stein, Picasso. 11 Becher, Er ich, „The Philosophical Views of Ernst Mach“, The Philosophical Revi ew 14: 535–562, 1905, bls. 536. 12 Mill er, Ein stein, Picasso, bls. 56–57. Ná kvæma út list un á heim speki Machs er a› finna hjá Full er, Steven, Thom as Kuhn: A Philosophical Hi story for our Times, Chicago: The Uni versity of Chicago Press, 2000. Skirnir vor 2007-med ollum-1:Skírnir haust nota-1 25.4.2007 14:27 Page 131
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