Skírnir

Volume

Skírnir - 01.04.2007, Page 133

Skírnir - 01.04.2007, Page 133
grein inni hyggst ég gefa inn s‡n í fletta tíma bil me› flví a› fjalla um flá a› fer›a- og hug mynda fræ›i legu bylt ingu sem Loeb og Hog - ben voru ákaf ir tals menn fyr ir og teng ist nái› á› ur nefndri gagn - r‡ni á hug mynda fræ›i pósi tí vism ans, me› meg in á herslu á tog - streit una sem ríkti milli tveggja af helstu tals mönn um n‡ju d‡ra - fræ› inn ar í Bret landi í byrj un flri›ja ára tug ar sí› ustu ald ar. fieir sem hér um ræ› ir eru Juli an Huxley (1887–1975) og Lancelot Hog ben, en fleir voru tveir af áhrifa mestu líf fræ› ing um Bret lands á fyrri hluta tutt ug ustu ald ar. Til rauna d‡ra fræ›i Sú mynd sem vís inda sagn fræ› in hef ur dreg i› upp af sögu líf fræ› - inn ar á nítj ándu öld og fram á fjór›a ára tug fleirr ar tutt ug ustu hef - ur a› miklu leyti ver i› skrif u› út frá fram lagi flriggja kunnra nátt - úru fræ› inga til fræ›i grein ar inn ar og hvern ig hug mynd ir fleirra lif›u í hönd um spor göngu manna fleirra. fieir sem hér um ræ› ir voru Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829) sem setti fram fyrstu heil steyptu flró un ar kenn ing una ári› 1809,19 Charles Darwin (1809–1882) sem me› út gáfu Upp runa teg und anna ári› 1859 festi flró un ar kenn ing una í sessi auk fless a› sk‡ra flró un ina me› nátt - úru vali20 og Gregor Mendel (1822–1884) sem ári› 1865 sk‡r›i flutn ing eig in leika milli kyn sló›a me› flví sem vi› í dag köll um erf›a vísi e›a gen. Verk Mendels höf›u hins veg ar ekki nein áhrif á flró un líf fræ› inn ar fyrr en flau voru end ur upp götv u› ári› 1900.21 Frá flví rit Darwins kom út og fram á fjór›a ára tug sí› ustu ald ar, er erf›a fræ›i Mendels og kenn ing Darwins um nátt úru val - ráðist að rótum pósitívismans 133skírnir 19 Desmond, Adri an, The Polit ics of Evolution, Chicago: The Uni versity of Chicago Press, 1989; Secord, James, Vict or i an Sensation: The Extra or din ary Publication, Recept ion, and Secret Aut hors hip of Vestig es of the Natural Hi - story of Cr eation, Chicago: The Uni versity of Chicago Press, 2000. 20 Stein dór J. Er lings son, „Inn gang ur“, bls. 20–39; Darwin, Charles, Upp runi teg - und anna, I–II (Gu› mund ur Gu› munds son ís lenska›i), Reykja vík: Hi› ís - lenska bók mennta fé lag, 2004. 21 Olby, Ro bert, Orig in of Mendel ism (2. út gáfa), Chicago: The Uni versity of Chicago Press, 1985; Stein dór J. Er lings son, „The In trod uct ion of Mendel ism in Iceland“, Bú vís indi, 13: 61–78, 2000 (Grein ina má nálg ast á sló› inni http://www.raun vis.hi.is/~stein d or/mendel.html). Skirnir vor 2007-med ollum-1:Skírnir haust nota-1 25.4.2007 14:27 Page 133
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