Skírnir

Volume

Skírnir - 01.04.2007, Page 147

Skírnir - 01.04.2007, Page 147
fræ›i“ sem drif in var áfram af fleim vilja ‡m issa líf fræ› inga a› fylgja líf e›l is fræ› inni inn í heim til raun anna.78 Helsta heim ild tví - menn ing anna er bók in Life Sci ence in the Twenti eth Cent ury (1975) flar sem banda ríski vís inda sagn fræ› ing ur inn Gar land Allen bend ir á a› um alda mót in 1900 hafi líf fræ› in ein kennst af valda - bar áttu milli til rauna sinna (ex perimenta lists) og nátt úru fræ› inga (natura lists). Mark mi› Allens er a› s‡na hvern ig ung ir vís inda - menn, fædd ir eft ir 1860, sem brynj a› ir voru me› til rauna a› fer› - inni, stu›l u›u a› mik illi hug ar fars breyt ingu í heimi líf fræ› inn ar. Bylt ing fleirra beind ist, eins og á›ur hef ur kom i› fram, fyrst og fremst gegn flró un ar form fræ›i fl‡ska líf fræ› ings ins Ernsts Haeckel, sem haf›i lam a› flrosk un ar fræ› ina me› flví tengja hana órjúf an leg um bönd um vi› flró un ar fræ› ina.79 Me› fletta í huga bend ir Allen á a› til finn ing in me› al for víg is manna til rauna hef› ar - inn ar hafi ver i› sú a› rann sókn ir á formi líf ver unn ar hafi al gjör lega skyggt á rann sókn ir á starf semi henn ar. Á sama hátt gagn r‡ndu fleir óná kvæmni form fræ›i hef› ar inn ar. Allen fær ir rök fyr ir flví a› eina lei› in fram hjá óná kvæmni flró un ar kenn ing anna á sí› ari hluta nítj ándu ald ar og í upp hafi fleirr ar tutt ug ustu hafi falist í flví a› inn lei›a til rauna tækni e›l is- og efna fræ›i í rann sókn ir á flrosk - un ar- og flró un ar fræ›i.80 Hér tók ust flví á í heimi líf fræ› inn ar hug mynda fræ›i pósi tí vism ans, í formi al gildra flró un ar kenn inga, og hug mynda fræ›i n‡-pósi tí vism ans me› áherslu sinni á leit ina a› hinu sér tæka í fari ein stak lings ins. fiessi tog streita end ur spegl ast vel í ágrein ingn um sem ríkti á milli Juli ans Huxley og Lancelots Hog ben á flri›ja ára tug sí› ustu ald ar. Huxley reyndi me› vís inda rann sókn um sín um og al fl‡› leg um skrif um a› feta í fót spor nítj ándu ald ar for vera sinna sem und ir for merkj um pósi tí vism ans létu sér ekk ert mann legt óvi› kom andi. ráðist að rótum pósitívismans 147skírnir 78 Bowler, Pet er J. og Iwan Ryhs Mor us, Mak ing Modern Sci ence: A Hi stor ical Sur vey. Chicago: The Uni versity of Chicago Press, 2005, bls 184. 79 Allen, Gar land, Life Sci ence in the Twenti eth Cent ury. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1975, bls. 9–10. 80 Allen, Gar land, „Mechan ism, Vital ism and Org an icism in Late Ni net eenth and Twenti eth-Cent ury Biology: The Import ance of Hi stor ical Context“, Stu dies in the Hi story and Philosophy of Biolog ical and Biomed ical Sci ences 36: 261–283, 2005. Skirnir vor 2007-med ollum-1:Skírnir haust nota-1 25.4.2007 14:27 Page 147
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