Bókasafnið - 01.01.2004, Page 48

Um leið og IFLA styður rétt aðildaríkja WTO til að
stuðla að þjóðlegri menningu andæfir það hvers kyns
hindrunum á því að löglega framleiddar upplýsingar
og menningarleg framleiðsla, sem eðlilegt er að
bókasöfn safni og dreifi, berist á frjálsan hátt yfir
landamæri. IFLA er andvígt tollum og öðrum sköttum
á innflutningi á prentuðu og rafrænu efni. Slíkt getur
hindrað andlegt frelsi.
í því skyni að tryggja sterkan opinberan geira
(public sector) mun IFLA halda áfram að byggja upp
tengsl og vinna með bókasöfnum og stofnunum, sem
sinna upplýsingum, skjalavörslu, safnastarfsemi,
menntamálum og þess háttar, að því að fylgjast með
áhrifum alþjóðlegra viðskiptasamninga á opinbera
geirann.
Heimildir:
Frode Bakken, „WTO, GATS og bibliotekene11, Synopsis nr. 4 -
2002. Vefslóð; http://www.abm-utvikling.no/publisert/
Synopsis/2002/Nr-4/Synopsis4.pdf
The European Commission “Info-Point” on World Trade in
Services. Vefslóð; http://gats-info.eu.int/gats-info/
swtosvc.pl?&SECCODE=10.C (sótt 26.3.03)
Hunt, Fiona, „MAI Fact Sheet from British Columbia
Library", 1998. Vefslóð; http://www.libr.org/SRRT/docs/
MAI_fact_sheet.html (sótt 8.2.04)
„ICELAND - Schedule of Specific Commitments" (skjalið
GATS/SC/41). Vefslóð http://docsonline.wto.org/gen_
home.asp?language=l&_=l (sótt 8.2.04)
„í krafti upplýsinga. Tillögur menntamálaráðuneytisins um
menntun, menningu og upplýsingatækni 1996-1999“.
Vefslóð; http://bmnnur.stjr.is/interpro/mm/mm.nsf/pages/
upplysingar-utgefid-i_krafti_upplysinga-allt (sótt 8.2.04)
„Resolution on Protecting the Interests of America's Librar-
ies under the WTO General Agreement on Trade in
Services". Vefslóð; http://www.ala.org/ala/washoff/
WOissues/ copyrightb/intlcopyright/GATSresol.pdf (sótt
8.2.04)
Steven Shrybman, An Assessment o/the lmpact o/the General
Agreement on Trade in Services on Policiy, Programs and Law
Concerning Public Sector Libraries, maí 2001. Vefslóð;
http://www.cla.ca/resources/gats.pdf
„The GATS and the Libraries", upplýsingasíður um GATS og
bókasöfn. Vefslóð; http://www.libr.org/GATS/
IFLA-skjöl:
„The IFLA Position on The World Trade Organization" 2001.
Vefslóð; http://www.ifla.org/III/clm/pl/wto-ifla.htm (sótt
8.2.04)
„The IFLA Position on WTO Treaty Negotiations, Committee
on Copyright and Other Legal Matters (CLM)“. Vefslóð;
http://www.ifla.org/III/clm/pl/pos-wto.htm (sótt 8.2.04)
„Tips for TRIPS. A Guide for Libraries and Librarians to the
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights (TRIPS)“. Vefslóð; http://www.ifla.org/III/
clm/pl/tt-e.htm (sótt 8.2.04)
EBLIDA-skjöl:
„EBLIDA response to the EC consultation on WTO members’
requests to the EC and its member states for improved
market access to services. January 2003". Vefslóð; http://
www.eblida.org/position/GATS_ResponseJan03.htm (sótt
8.2.04)
„EBLIDA statement on the WTO GATS negotiations. Libraries
and trade in services," nóvember 2002. Vefslóð; http://www.
eblida.org/position/GATS_Statement_Nov02.htm (sótt 8.2.04)
Tilvitnanir:
1 Alls er um 12 meginflokka að ræða: Business Services;
Communication Services; Construction and Related
Engineering Services; Distribution Services; Educational
Services; Environmental Services; Financial Services;
Health Related and Social Services; Tourism and Travel
Related Services; Recreational, Cultural and Sporting
Services; Transport Services; Other Services not Included
Elsewhere.
3 „Services" includes any service in any sector except
services supplied in the exercise of governmental
authority.
3 „A service supplied in the exercise of governmental
authority" means any service which is supplied neither
on a commercial basis, nor in competition with one or
more service suppliers.
4 Hunt 1998. Þetta dæmi var upphaflega sett upp í um-
fjöllun um MAI-saminginn sem ekkert varð úr. Sjá einnig
Bakken 2002.
5 Members recognize that, in certain circumstances, sub-
sidies may have distortive effects on trade in services.
Members shall enter into negotiations with a view to
developing the necessary multilateral disciplines to
avoid such trade-distortive effects.
8 The European Commission “Info-Point” on World Trade
in Services, http://gats-info.eu.int.
7 GATS/SC/41 sótt á http://docsonline.wto.org/gen_home.
asp?language=l&_=l.
8 Ath.: ísland hefur fellt undir GATS Data base seruices (CPC
844), undir flokknum Computer and Related Services í flokki
nr. 1, Business Services. Líklega snertir það þó ekki
bókasöfn af því að „documentation retrieval services“ er
undanskilið og flokkað sem þjónusta bókasafna (WTO
Council forTrade in Services: Computer and Related
Services - Background Note by the Secretariat, S/C/W/45,
14/07/1998)
9 Sjá http://europa.eu.int/information„society/eeurope/
2005/index_en.htm
Libraries and international trade
treaties - Summary
The international GATS agreement deals with the trading of
various services, such as library services. Associations of
libraries and librarians, such as IFLA and EBLIDA, have been
concerned about this, even if untill now only thirteen
member states of WTO have made a commitment to open
negotiations on “libraries, archives, museums and other cultural
services.” One of them is Iceland, the only European country
in this group. Upplýsing - The Icelandic Library and Infor-
mation Science Association - has questioned the Foreign
Ministry about this commitment. The ministry replied that
Icelandic authorities did not see any reason to prevent
foreign companies or individuals from offering services in
this fleld and had no concern that it would disturb the
public role of libraries. Some parts of what are usually
considered to be public library services may in the future be
included in other parts of the GATS agreement, among them
the On-line Database and Retrieval under Telecommunication
Services. Iceland has also made a commitment to open
negotiations on that issue. Finally the article sums up the
position and statements of IFLA and EBLIDA on this matter.
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BÓKASAFNIÐ 28. ÁRG. 2004