Skógræktarritið - 15.05.2001, Side 199

Skógræktarritið - 15.05.2001, Side 199
SKÓGRÆKT HANDAN SKÓGARMARKA/ NSSE STÁLE ST0RDAL, SVEIN ERIK HAGEN AND MORTEN 0RBECK Regional Structure and Future Prospects of the Forest Industries in Norway SAMANTEKT Þróun skógariðnaðarins sem þáttur í atvinnulífinu í Noregi frá 1962- 1997 var könnuð þar sem óttast var að hann væri að dragast saman og flytjast á færri hendur með tilheyrandi byggðaröskun í för með sér. Framleiðsla tengd skógrækt og úrvinnslu skógarafurða sem hlutfall af þjóðarframleiðslu hefur dregist saman á s.I. 40 árum og er nú vel innan við 2% af heildinni. Hægt er að skoða mikilvægi skógariðnaðar fyrir einstök svæði samanborið við heildina og þá kemur í Ijós að hann hefur enn verulega þýðingu á allmörgum stöðum. Þá kom í ljós að miklar tilfærslur voru á atvinnu í skógariðnaði milli 1990 og 1995 og græddu sum svæði á því en önnur töpuðu. Tilhneigingin frá 1980 til 1995 var sú að vinna við Tramleiðslu viðarafurða fluttist frekar frá þétt- býli til dreifbýlli svæða en að lítil sem engin breyting var á staðsetn- ingu pappírsvinnslu. Helstu niðurstöður eru að I) skógariðnaður er bundnari við dreifbýlið en flest annað, 2) tilfærsla á atvinnutækifærum hefur átt sér stað en ekki færsla á færri hendur, 3) þessi tilfærsla er þó ekki endilega tengd nálægð við skógarauðlindina (getur tengst þekk- ingarauðlind) og 4) best gengur þar sem saman fara skógarauðlindin, þekking og framsækinn iðnaður sem er fljótur að aðlagast breyttum aðstæðum og breytilegum mörkuðum. Introduction In recent years, reduced harvest- ing, reduced investment in forestry and restructuring of the industry have led to increasingly larger areas being no longer open to commercial forestry in Norway. One result of this is con- centration - not only of the wood processing industries but also of forestry itself. This trend may have consequences for income, employment and also, in the longer term, settlement, in many rural regions where forest indus- tries (forestry, manufacture of wood products and pulp and paper) have traditionally held a strong position. This is a worry- ing development in terms of both forest policy and regional devel- opment policy, since much emphasis has been put on the forest sector in the development of districts in Norway. The latest White Paper on forestry in Norway states for example that: "Forestry is firmly based in tfie rural areas, aná together with agriculture, forestry must continue to be a sustain- ing force in tfie commercial development ofa great many municipalities in biorway." In this article, we analyse the development of the forest indus- tries in Norway from a regional point of view. We first present national statistics for gross product and employment in for- est industries in the period 1962-97. We also look at the regions that have the largest for- est-related employment, and how this has changed in the period 1980-1995. In conclusion we discuss how the forest-based industries could develop their regional role. Structure and development of forest industries in Norway National importance The total gross product for the forest industries in 1997 was NOK 12.3 billion. This corre- sponds to 1.6% of the GDP for mainland Norway (offshore oil and gas activities excluded). The employment in the forest indus- tries in 1997 was 32,800 normal man-years, corresponding to 1.8% of employment in mainland Norway. The forest industries' share of both the mainland-GDP and employment fell steadily in the period 1962 to 1999. The share of total employment was reduced from 5.1 to 1.6 per cent, as shown in Figure 1. SKÓGRÆKTARRITIÐ 2001 I.tbl 197
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