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Læknablaðið - 01.08.1977, Page 32

Læknablaðið - 01.08.1977, Page 32
144 LÆKNABLAÐIÐ arfjórðungi hafa látist þrisvar sinnum fleiri heldur en búast mætti við skv. dánarlík- um íslenskra karla. Hér, eins og í rannsókn Salum,14 eru algengustu dánarorsakir þeirra, sem fengið hafa delirium tremens, hjartasjúkdómar og sjúkdómar eða slys, sem rakin verða beint eða óbeint til áfeng- isneyslunnar. ÁLYKTANIR Af rannsókn þessari virðist mega ráða, að nýgengi delirium tremens hafi farið vax- andi hér á landi með vaxandi áfengis- neyslu, þar til á síðustu tveimur 5 ára bil- um, þ.e. 1965—1969 og 1970—1974, að það hefur líklega staðið nokkuð í stað og verið 10—12 af 100.000 körlum 20 ára og eldri. Hlutfall delirium tremens tilfella inn- lagðra í fyrsta skipti á móti f jölda drykkju- sjúklinga innlagðra í fyrsta skipti virðist hafa staðið nokkurn veginn í stað frá 1930—1940 til þessa dags, um 8%. Tíðni þessa sjúkdóms hér á landi virðist vera svipuð (því, sem rannsóknir frá Dan- mörku og Noregi gefa til kynna, en nokkru minni en rannsóknir frá Finnlandi og Sví- þjóð gefa til kynna. Gangur sjúkdómsins og batahorfur sjúk- linganna virðast svipaðar 'hér og fram hef- ur komið í rannsóknum frá Finnlandi og Svíþjóð. Batahorfur óráðsins eru góðar, en lang- tímahorfur sjúklingsins slæmar og lífslík- ur hans eru ekki nema rúmur helmingur af lífslíkum jafnaldra hans. SUMMARY The incidence of delirium tremens in Iceland is estimated by first admissions to the State Mental Hospital from 1907 to 1974 as well as first admissions to other hospitals from 1960 to 1974. The clinical records of every alcoholic patient admitted with any indication of acute psychotic symptoms have been scrutinized. A total of 128 patients were found who fulfilled the criteria for the diagnosis of delirium tremens. In this group there were only 15 women. The incidence seems to have increased with increased alcohol consumption of the general population with a peak of 11.9 per ÍOO.OCO men, aged 20 years or over during 1965 to 1969. At that timo the alcohol consumption was 2.4 1 pure alcohol per capita per year. Men admitted to the mental hospital with delirium tremens were on the average 8 per cent of male first admissions for alcoholism. Approximately 50 per cent of the patients had been drinking excessive amounts of alcohol for more than 20 years before their first ad- mission with delirium tremens. This occurred within 1% to 7 days after they had stopped drinking. The delirium lasted on the average for 2.2 days. During the last 25 years 2 of 80 rnale patients admitted to the mental hospitals died during their delirium. But the remaining mean ex- pectation of life of patients who have had delirium tremens is only 55 per cent of that of the male general population. Of the 80 patients admitted during the last 25 ycars, 25 were dead by the end of 1974 instead of 8.2 according to thc mortality rate of Icelandic men r.t the same age as the patients. HEIMILDIR 1. Achté, K., K. Seppálá, L. Ginman and N. Colliander: Alcoholic psychoses in Finland. The Finnish Foundation for Alcchol Síudi- es. Vol. 19. 1969. 2. Áfengisvarnarráð ríkisins: Upplýsingar um áfengisneyslu á Islandi til 1974, áfengis- neysla á Norðurlöndum 1974 og í ýmsum öðrum Evrópulöndum 1973. Apríl 1976. 3. Bratfos, O.: Forlöpet av alkoholismc. Uni- versitetsforlaget. Oslo 1974. 4. Helgason.T.: Epidemiology of mental dis- orders in Iceland. Acta psychiat. Scand suppl. 173. 1964. 5. Helgason, T.: Neurosernes og alkoholismens epidemiology. Nord. Psykiat. Tidssk. 24: 2fí- 44. 1970. 6. Herner, T. og C. Ámark: Frekvensen af patienter med alkoholsjukdomar vid kropps- og mentalsjukhus. I: Alkoholkon- flikten 1963. Norsteds. Stockholm 1965. 7. Herner, T.: The frequency of patients with disorders associated with alcoholism in mental hospitals and psyhiatric department in general hospitals in Sweden during the period 1954—1964. Acta Psychiat. Scand. suppl. 234. 1972. 8. Kjartansson, K.B.: Delirium tremens á Kleppsspítala 1907 til 1964. Handrit að fyr- irlestri í Læknafélagi Reykjavíkur 1965. 9. Larsson, T. and T. Sjögren: A methodologi- cal, psychiatric and statistical study of a large Swedish rural population. Acta psychiat. Scand., suppl. 89. 1954. 10. Lundquist, G.: Delirium tremens. Acta Psychiat. Scand. 36:443-466. 1961. 11. Mannfjöldaskýrslur 1931—1970. Hagstofa Islands 1938—1975. 12. Nielsen, J.: Delirium tremens in Copen- hagen. Acta Psychiat. Scand., suppl. 187. 1965. 13. Nordisk Statistisk Ársbog. Nordiska Rádet. Stockholm 1970. 14. Salum, I.: Delirium tremens and certain other acute sequels of alcohol abuse. Acta Psychiat. Scand., suppl. 235. 1972. Framh. á síðu 182.
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