Læknablaðið - 15.03.2006, Side 31

FRÆÐIGREINAR / ANDNAUÐ
þrýstingsstýrðrar öndunarvélarmeðferðar jókst
þegar leið á tímabilið og því fylgdi marktækt lægri
dánartíðni. í samræmi við niðurstöður nýlegra er-
lendra rannsókna virðist lungnaverndandi öndun-
arvélarmeðferð skila árangri í meðferð sjúklinga
með BAH.
Heimildir
1. Ashbaugh DG, Bigelow DB, Petty TL. Acute respiratory dis-
tress in adults. Lancet 1967; ii: 319-21.
2. Krafft P, Fridrich P, Pernerstorfer T, Fitzgerald RD, Koc D,
Schneider B, et al. The acute respiratory distress syndrome:
definitions, severity and clinical outcome. Int Care Med 1996;
22:519-29.
3. Brun-Buisson C, Minelli C, Bertolini G, Brazzi L, Pimentel J,
Lewandowski K, et al. Epidemiology and outcome of acute
lung injury in European intensive care units. Results from the
ALIVE study. Int Care Med 2004; 30: 51-61.
4. Weinert CF, Cross CR, Kangas JR. Health-related quality of
life after acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;
156:1120.
5. McHugh LG, Milberg Ja, Whitcomb ME. Recovery of func-
tion in survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 150: 90-4.
6. Heyland DK, Groll D, Caeser M. Survivors of acute respira-
tory distress syndrome: Relationship between pulmonary
dysfunction and long-term health-related quality of life. Crit
Care Med 2005; 33:1549-56.
7. The acute respiratory distress syndrome network. Ventilation
with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal
volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress
syndrome. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:1301-8.
8. Garber BG, Hébert PC, Yelle JD, Hodder RV, McGowan J.
Adult respiratory distress syndrome: A systematic overview of
incidence and risk factors. Crit Care Med 1996;24: 687-95.
9. Bernard GR, Artigas A, Brigham KL, Carlet J, Falke K,
Hudson L, et al. The American-European consensus con-
ference on ARDS. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149:
818-24.
10. Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE.
APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit
Care Med 1985; 13: 818-29.
11. Murray JF, Mattay MA, Luce JM, Flick MR. An expanded
definition of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev
Respir Dis 1988; 138: 720-3.
12. Villar J, Slutsky AS. The incidence of the adult respiratory
distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 140: 814-6.
13. Thomsen GE, Morris AH. Incidence of the respiratory dis-
tress syndrome in the state of Utah. Am J Respir Crit Care
Med 1995; 152: 965-71.
14. Lewandowsky K, Metz J. Deutschmann C, Preiss H, Kuhlen
R, Artigas A, et al. Incidence, severity and mortality of acute
respiratory failure in Berlin, Germany. Am J Respir Crit Care
Med 1995; 151:1121-5.
15. Luhrs OR, Antonsen K, Karlsson M, Aardal S, Thorsteinsson
A, Frostell CG, et al. Incidence and mortality after acute
respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome in
Sweden, Denmark and Iceland. The ARF study group. Am J
Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159:1949.
16. Bersten AD, Edibam C, Hunt T, Moran J. Incidence and mor-
tality of acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress
syndrome in three Australian states. Am J Resp Crit Care
Med 2002; 165:443-8.
17. Valta P, Uusaro A, Nunes S, Ruokonen E, Takala J. Acute
respiratory distress syndrome: Frequency, clinical course, and
costs of care. Crit Care Med 1999; 27: 2367-74.
18. Fulkerson WJ, Maclntyre N, Stamler J, Crapo JD. Patho-
genesis and treatment of the adult respiratory distress syn-
drome. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156:29-38.
19. Ware LB, Matthay MA. The acute respiratory distress syn-
drome. N Eng J Med 2000; 342:1334-9.
20. Gattinoni L, Pelosi P, Suter PM, Pedoto A, Vercesi P, Lissoni
A. Acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by pulmonary
and extrapulmonary disease. Different syndromes? Am J
Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158: 3-11.
21. Hart M. Nitric oxide in adult lung disease. Chest 1999; 115:
1407-17.
22. Walmrath D, Schneider T, Schermuly R, Olschewski H,
Grimminger F, Seeger W. Direct comparison of inhaled nitric
oxide and aerosolized prostacyclin in acute respiratory distress
syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: 991-6.
23. Ihra G, Gockner G, Kashanipour A, Aloy A. High-frequency
jet ventilation in European and North American institutions:
developments and clinical practice. Eur J Anaesth 2000; 17:
418-30.
24. Derdak S, Mehta S, Stewart TE, Smith T, Rogers M, Buchman
TG, et al. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation for acute
respiratory distress syndrome in adults: a randomized, con-
trolled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166: 801-8.
25. Pelosi P, Brazzi L, Gattinoni L. Prone position in acute respira-
tory distress syndrome. Eur Respir J 2002; 20:1017-28.
26. Rappaport SH, Shpiner R, Yoshihara G, Wright J, Chang P,
Abraham E. Randomized, prospective clinical trial of pres-
sure-limited versus volume-controlled ventilation in severe
respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 1994; 22: 22-32.
27. Guerin C, Gaillard S, Lemasson S, Ayzac L, Girard R, Beuret
P, et al. Effects of systemic prone positioning in hypoxemic
acute respiratory failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA
2004; 292: 2379-87.
28. Jardin F, Fellahi JL, Beauchet A, Vieillard-Baron A, Loubi-
eres Y, Page B. Improved prognosis of acute respiratory
distress syndrome 15 years on. Intensive Care Med 1999; 25:
936-41.
29. Stapleton RD, Wang BW, Hudson LD, Rubenfeld GD, Cald-
well ES, Steinberg KP. Causes and timing of death in patients
with ARDS. Chest 2005; 128: 525-32.
30. Villar J, Kacmarek RM, Hedenstierna G. From ventilator-
induced injury to physician-induced lung injury: why the reluc-
tance to use small tidal volumes? Acta Anaesthesiol Scand
2004; 48: 267-71.
Læknablaðið 2006/92 207