Jökull


Jökull - 01.01.2005, Page 61

Jökull - 01.01.2005, Page 61
Holocene tephra stratigraphy and eruption frequency of Katla, S-Iceland Figure 4a. A composite tephra section showing the historical part, adapted from Larsen et al., (2001) and the prehistoric part measured in this study. For clarity, the same thickness has been assigned to each tephra layer and the soil between them. Eight tephra layers occurring sporadically are not shown. The numbers on the left are ages (before 2005 AD) of tephra layers calculated from the SAR (see discussion in text); only the age of the first layer in a new millennium is indicated. Note that the age scale is not linear. Basaltic Katla tephra layers are shown in black (origin confirmed by chemical analyses) and in grey (identification based on field characteristics ). The SILK layers, marker tephra layers and known tephras from other volcanic systems than Katla are shown in red, green and yellow colours, re- spectively. Note that the silicic layers A2 and A3 are most likely SILK-layers but their origin has not yet been confirmed by chem- ical analyses. The stars on the right side of the column represent tephra layers con- taining glass of two compositins, a typi- cal Katla basalt composition and a dacite (SILK) composition or rhyolite composi- tion. Abbreviations are H: Hekla, V: Veiði- vötn, G: Grímsvötn. – a) Samsett jarð- vegs- og gjóskulagasnið. Forsögulegi hlut- inn var mældur sumarið 2003, sögulegi hlut- inn er að mestu samkvæmt Guðrúnu Lars- en o.fl. (2001). Öll gjóskulög og jarðvegs- þykktir eru sýnd sem línur af sömu þykkt (8 örþunnum og slitróttum gjóskulögum er þó sleppt). Tölur vinstra megin á sniða- súlu eru aldur í árum (miðað við 2005), reiknaður út frá upphleðsluhraða jarðvegs (SAR), og sýna aldur fyrsta gjóskulags á hverju árþúsundi. Athugið að tímakvarðinn er ekki línulegur. Basísk Kötlugjóskulög, þar sem uppruni er staðfestur með efnagrein- ingu, eru svört. Basísk gjóskulög með útlits- einkenni Kötlugjósku (ekki efnagreind) eru grá. Súr Kötlugjóskulög (SILK) eru rauð, leiðarlög eru græn og gjóskulög frá öðrum eldstöðvakerfum eru gul. Gjóskulögin A2 og A3 eru líklega súr Kötlulög en hafa ekki verið efnagreind. Stjörnur hægra megin á sniðasúlu eru við gjóskulög með tvenns kon- ar glerkornum, meginhlutinn er dæmigert Kötlubasalt, en innanum eru korn með dasít (SILK) eða rýólítsamsetningu. Skammstaf- anir á nöfnum eldstöðvakerfa eru H: Hekla; V: Veiðivötn; G: Grímsvötn. JÖKULL No. 55 61
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