Jökull


Jökull - 01.01.2016, Page 24

Jökull - 01.01.2016, Page 24
Eyjólfur Magnússon et al. til yfirborðs, þar sem það safnast upp. Við rannsök- uðum einnig krappar yfirborðsdældir á ákomusvæði Reykjarfjarðarjökuls. Rekja má feril tveggja þessara dælda í jökulyfirborðinu eins langt aftur og loftmynd- ir af svæðinu ná, þ.e. allt aftur til 1946. Líklega eru þessar dældir upphaflega stórar sprungur sem mynd- ast í framhlaupum. Sprungurnar fyllast að mestu en eftir verða einstöku krappar dældir sem skafrenningur og vindrof viðhalda. Ísflæðireikningar gefa til kynna að mestur hluti hreyfingar dældanna megi skýra sem yfirborðshreyfingu vegna aflögunar jökulíssins. Þó má greina umtalsverða hraðaaukningu í síðasta fram- hlaupi Reykjarfjarðarjökuls sem rekja má til aukins botnskriðs. Einnig sést talsverð færslu á dældunum sem er hornrétt reiknaða ísflæðistefnu sem bendir til að dældirnar færist einnig í yfirborðinu en ekki ein- göngu með því. Vindrof og skafrenningur eru lík- leg orsök þess að opin hnikast til eftir upprunalegri sprungustefnu. REFERENCES Aðalgeirsdóttir, G., S. Guðmundsson, H. Björnsson, F. Pálsson, T. Jóhannesson, H. Hannesdóttir, S. Þ. Sig- urðsson and E. Berthier 2011. Modelling the 20th and 21st century evolution of Hoffellsjökull glacier, SE-Vatnajökull, Iceland. The Cryosphere 5, 961–975, doi:10.5194/tc-5-961-2011. Bailey, J. T., S. Evans and G. de Q. Robin 1964. Radio echo sounding of polar ice sheets. Nature 204 (4957), 420–421. Bamber, J. L., J. A. Griggs, R. T. W. L. Hurkmans, J. A. Dowdeswell, S. P. Gogineni, I. Howat, J. Moug- inot, J. Paden, S. Palmer, E. Rignot and D. Steinhage 2013. A new bed elevation dataset for Greenland. The Cryosphere 7, 499–510, doi:10.5194/tc-7-499-2013. Belart, J. M. C. 2013. Mass balance analysis of Dranga- jökull ice cap (Iceland) from historical flights and Li- DAR. M.Sc. thesis, University of Jaén, Spain, 115 pp. Belart, J. M. C., E. Berthier, E. Magnússon, L. S. An- derson, F. Pálsson, T. Thorsteinsson, I. Howat, G. Aðalgeirsdóttir, T. Jóhannesson and A. H. Jarosch. In open review, 2016 (http://www.the-cryosphere- discuss.net/tc-2016-241/). Winter mass balance of Drangajökull ice cap (NW Iceland) derived from satel- lite sub-meter stereo images. The Cryosphere Discuss. doi:10.5194/tc-2016-241. Björnsson, H. 1977. Könnun á jöklum með rafsegulbylgj- um. Náttúrufræðingurinn 47(3–4), 184–194. Björnsson, H. 1988. Hydrology of ice caps in volcanic re- gions. Vísindafélag Íslendinga 45, 139 pp, 21 maps. Björnsson, H. 2009. Jöklar á Íslandi. Bókaútgáfan Opna, Reykjavík, 479 pp. Björnsson, H. and P. Einarsson 1990. Volcanoes be- neath Vatnajökull, Iceland: Evidence from radio echo- sounding, earthquakes and jökulhlaups. Jökull 40, 147–168. Björnsson H. and F. Pálsson 2008. Icelandic glaciers. Jökull 58, 365–386. Björnsson, H., F. Pálsson and M. T. Guðmundsson 2000. Surface and bedrock topography of the Mýrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland: The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49, 29–46. Björnsson, H., F. Pálsson, T. Jóhannesson and M. T. Guðmundsson 1987. Hofsjökull. Jökulbotn, 1:100 000 map. Science Institute, University of Iceland and Na- tional Power Company. Björnsson, H., F. Pálsson, O. Sigurðsson and G. E. Flow- ers 2003. Surges of glaciers in Iceland. Ann. Glaciol. 36, 82–90. Bradford, J. H., J. Nichols, T. D. Mikesell and J. T. Harper 2009. Continuous profiles of electromagnetic wave ve- locity and water content in glaciers: an example from Bench Glacier, Alaska, USA. Ann. Glaciol. 50 (51), 1–9. Brynjólfsson, S., A. Schomacker, E. R. Guðmundsdóttir and Ó. Ingólfsson 2015. A 300-year surge history of the Drangajökull ice cap, northwest Iceland, and its maximum during the ’Little Ice Age’. Holocene 25, 1076–1092, doi:10.1177/0959683615576232. Brynjólfsson, S., A. Schomacker and Ó. Ingólfsson 2014. Geomorphology and the little ice age extent of the Drangajökull ice cap, NW Iceland, with focus on its three surge-type outlets. Geomorphology 201, 292– 304, doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.01.019. Einarsson B. and O. Sigurðsson 2015. Jöklabreytingar (Glacier variations) 1930–1970, 1970–1995, 1995– 2013 og 2013–2014. Jökull 65, 91–96. Evans, D. J. A. 2010. Controlled moraine development and debris transport pathways in polythermal plateau icefields: examples from Tungnafellsjökull, Iceland. Earth Surf. Process. Landforms 35, 1430–1444, doi:10.1002/esp.1984. Evans, S. 1965. Dielectric properties of ice and snow; a review. J. Glaciol. 5 (42), 773–792. 24 JÖKULL No. 66, 2016
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