Fróðskaparrit - 01.01.1999, Page 258

Fróðskaparrit - 01.01.1999, Page 258
262 NEWS AND PROGRESS 1998 sured using the rectilinear (or Lj) distance. This thesis is about algorithms for solv- ing Euclidean and rectilinear Steiner tree problems. New exact and heuristic algo- rithms for these problems are evaluated by performing extensive computational exper- iments. The thesis covers a full range of al- gorithms for the Euclidean problem: Fast greedy heuristics with an O (n log n) worst- case running time behaviour; powerful lo- cal search algorithms that provide near-op- timal solutions quickly; and efficient, exact algorithms that solve problem instances with more than 2,000 terminals to optimal- ity. The new heuristics provide better solu- tions faster than any other heuristic pro- posed in the literature and the new, exact al- gorithm solves problem instances that are of an order of magnitude greater than those previously solved. The efficiency of the proposed algo- rithms stems from a structural property of optimal solutions to these two problems. The optimal Steiner tree breaks into so- called full Steiner trees (FSTs) in which all terminals are leaves. These FSTs are typi- cally very small (seldom spanning more than six terminals) and have many well-es- tablished properties that may be exploited efficiently by using geometric structures. The thesis is a collection of six research papers. Five of these are on the Euclidean and rectilinear Steiner tree problems, while the last one presents a tabu search algorithm for another geometric-plane problem, the travelling salesman problem. The thesis begins with a short introduction to algo- rithms for planar Steiner tree problems. Henda ritgerð er um algoritmur til at loysa euklidiska og rektlinjaða Steiner pro- blemið. Serstakliga eru eksaktar og heurist- iskar algoritmur eftirmettar við at gera um- fatandi royndir á teldu. Ritgerðin fevnir um øll sløg av algoritmum - serliga hvat tí euklidiska probleminum viðvíkur: Skjótar algoritmur við 0(n log n) koyri- tíð, góðar lokalar leitialgoritmur, sum finna loysnir av høgari góðsku, og effektivar eks- aktar algoritmur, sum kunnu finna optimal- ar loysnir til problem við meira enn 2000 terminalum. Teir nýggju heuristikkarnir finna betri loysnir skjótari enn allir aðrir kendir heuristikkar, og tann nýggja eksakta algoritman kann loysa problem, ið eru meira enn 10 ferðir størri enn tey, ið áður eru vorðin loyst. Effektiviteturin af algoritmunum kemst fyrst og fremst av, at optimalu loysnimar hava ein serligan stmkturellan eginleika. Tað optimala Steinertræið kann býtast sundur í minni sonevnd full Steinertrø (FST), har allir terminalar eru bløð í træn- um. Hesi FST em vanliga sera smá (fevna sjáldan um meira enn seks terminalar), og hava nógvar vælkendar geometriskar egin- leikar, ið kunnu brúkast á ein effektivan hátt við at nýta geometriskar strukturar og algoritmur. Ritgerðin er eitt savn av seks vísindalig- um geinum. Fimm av hesum em um eu- klidiska og rektlinjaða Steiner problemið, meðan tann síðsta er um eina tabuleitingar- algoritmu til eitt annað geometriskt pro- blem, nevnt tann ferðandi seljararin. Inn- gangurin í ritgerðini er ein innførsla til Steiner problemið í planinum.
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